Verse:Mwail/Ryooteq: Difference between revisions
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:''{{SUBPAGENAME}} is highly diglossic; unless stated otherwise, this page describes the modern standard High | :''{{SUBPAGENAME}} is highly diglossic; unless stated otherwise, this page describes the modern standard High Sowaázh register. For the other varieties, see the subpages devoted to individual varieties. | ||
:[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Classical]] | :[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Classical]] | ||
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|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]] | |creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]] | ||
|name = {{PAGENAME}} | |name = {{PAGENAME}} | ||
|nativename = | |nativename = Sowaázh dashég | ||
|pronunciation= / | |pronunciation= /sʊwɑ̌ɻ tɑʂˑɛ́k/ | ||
|setting= Tricin | |setting= Tricin | ||
|region = | |region = Sowaázh daSóol, in Txapoalli | ||
|familycolor=Isolate | |familycolor=Isolate | ||
|fam1= [[Proto- | |fam1= [[Proto-Sowaazhic|Sowaazhic]] | ||
|script={{PAGENAME}} alphabet | |script={{PAGENAME}} alphabet | ||
|nation= | |nation=Sowaázh daSóol (''de facto'') | ||
|agency=none | |agency=none | ||
|iso3= | |iso3= | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Forms of '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (English: ''soo-WAHZH''; High | Forms of '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (English: ''soo-WAHZH''; High Sowaázh: ''Sowaázh da·shég'' /sʊwɑ̌ːɻ tɑʂɛ́k/, gloss: Sowaázh {{sc|3pl}}-language) are the dominant languages in [[Verse:Tricin/Sóol|Sowaázh daSóol]] in [[Verse:Tricin/Txapoalli]]. Sowaázh is a non-configurational polysynthetic language with a complex verbal morphology. | ||
{{PAGENAME}} forms a single dialect continuum and is otherwise an isolate, though some speculate that {{PAGENAME}} is related to the [[Quame languages]]. | {{PAGENAME}} forms a single dialect continuum and is otherwise an isolate, though some speculate that {{PAGENAME}} is related to the [[Quame languages]]. | ||
==External history== | ==External history== | ||
Sowaázh is made for a [[Verse:Tricin/Sóol|Japan- and Britain-inspired country]] in Tricin but is intended to be very different from Japanese or English. It is aesthetically inspired by Navajo, Polish, and Hungarian. Sowaázh has a wide variety of accents and dialects in a small area and a posh register associated with the upper class, and it also ablauts verbs; that's where the similarities with English end. | |||
==Diglossia== | ==Diglossia== | ||
Sowaázh is strongly diglossic, with the diglossia influenced by social class. High Sowaázh, the prestige variety, is a mixture of 'Onáp'aañ Sowaázh and [[Sowaázh/Classical|Classical Sowaázh]] and is the standard language used in literature, formal writing, newsreading, public announcements. High Sowaázh plays a similar role to the RP accent in British English: most native speakers of High Sowaázh are people from highly educated and wealthy families. On the other end of the spectrum, the lower class speak local lects which are sometimes mutually unintelligible. High Sowaázh is not a static entity; it is defined as whatever the Sowaázh upper class speaks at the time. | |||
The diglossia is also influenced by gender: urban women are more likely than other groups to use more neutral forms and accents (i.e. closer to an abstract pseudo-High | The diglossia is also influenced by gender: urban women are more likely than other groups to use more neutral forms and accents (i.e. closer to an abstract pseudo-High Sowaázh "gynelect"). Since the 1340s (fT), a greater permissiveness towards regional and "nonstandard" varieties of Sowaázh has taken hold in education. However, due to greater travel and the mass media, marked features in Sowaázh varieties have also begun to disappear. Today, a quasi-"gynelect", New Urban Sowaázh, is slowly emerging as the canonical non-posh colloquial dialect. | ||
The hierarchy of lects is roughly as follows: | The hierarchy of lects is roughly as follows: | ||
*Upper class: High | *Upper class: High Sowaázh | ||
*Professional class: accented High | *Professional class: accented High Sowaázh | ||
*Middle class: local vernacular + High | *Middle class: local vernacular + High Sowaázh | ||
*Working/lower class: broad local vernacular | *Working/lower class: broad local vernacular | ||
High | High Sowaázh is the variety taught in Sowaázh schools and also the variety that is often first taught to non-natives. Though most natives are able to speak the proper language from learning it in school, they only choose to use it in certain situations, like greeting a customer, or talking to a stranger over the phone. | ||
The language encountered in | The language encountered in Sowaázh pop culture can be much less posh, depending on the region and social class of the characters, and the target audience. The most frequently used Sowaázh varieties in pop culture are the urban middle-class lects (most creators live in or near one of the major urban centers, e.g. 'Onápaañ, Jighoó'ii, Cyamányeñh). Using more unusual lects mark certain types of characters (e.g. rural lects for country hicks, broad urban lects for hypermasculine bros, a caricatured "gynelect" for ditzy teenage girls, High Sowaázh for posh villains, ...) | ||
==Todo== | ==Todo== | ||
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most C(C)oC verbs should inflect like sjhogy | most C(C)oC verbs should inflect like sjhogy | ||
maybe | maybe | ||
Sowaazh should be non-config | |||
noun phrases are head-final and they use relational nouns | noun phrases are head-final and they use relational nouns | ||
shiilyohookh would inflect like | shiilyohookh would inflect like | ||
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'''p'''' only appears in loans. | '''p'''' only appears in loans. | ||
====Other notes==== | ====Other notes==== | ||
All consonants are long, compared to English and other | All consonants are long, compared to English and other Sowaázh dialects: with plain stops the hold is longer, with aspirated stops the aspiration is longer, and with affricates the frication is longer. The voice onset time of the aspirated and ejective stops is twice as long as that found in most other languages. | ||
;Stops and affricates | ;Stops and affricates | ||
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Modern High {{PAGENAME}} has a two-level tone system - every word will have at least one high pitched mora but may have more than one, especially in longer words. A mora with high pitch is marked with an acute accent. | Modern High {{PAGENAME}} has a two-level tone system - every word will have at least one high pitched mora but may have more than one, especially in longer words. A mora with high pitch is marked with an acute accent. | ||
Other | Other Sowaázh lects have different tonal systems or none. For example, the Cyamányeh lect has no tone. | ||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
Sowaázh allows the following initial clusters: ''sb sd sj sjh sjy sgy sg'' /sˑp sˑt sˑts ʂˑtʂ ɕˑtɕ sˑc sˑk/. | |||
===Conservative High | ===Conservative High Sowaázh=== | ||
In Conservative High | In Conservative High Sowaázh, the '''g'''-series is realized as postvelar, and the '''gy'''-series is realized as prevelar. The vowels '''o oo''' are consistently [o o:], and '''a aa''' are less back [ä ä:] unless adjacent to '''g'''-series consonants. | ||
Conservative High | Conservative High Sowaázh retains the Classical Sowaázh 3-tone system in a simplified form, which moderners may perceive as overdramatic. | ||
*Classical | *Classical Sowaázh: á, a, à, áa, aà, aá, aa | ||
*Conservative HS: á, a, à, áa, aá, aa | *Conservative HS: á, a, à, áa, aá, aa | ||
*Modern HS: á, a, áa, aá, aa | *Modern HS: á, a, áa, aá, aa | ||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
All varieties of | All varieties of Sowaázh are written in the Sowaázh alphabet, which was originally developed as a phonetic notation system like the IPA. High Sowaázh spelling is based on Conservative High Sowaázh. | ||
*no dot: mid tone | *no dot: mid tone | ||
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==Sandhi== | ==Sandhi== | ||
All | All Sowaázh lects have extensive sandhi systems. The following describes High Sowaázh sandhi. | ||
===Consonants and vowels=== | ===Consonants and vowels=== | ||
===Tone=== | ===Tone=== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
:''Main article: [[ | :''Main article: [[Sowaázh/Morphology]]'' | ||
Sowaázh is strongly head-marking, like many indigenous languages of North and Central America. | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
===Word order=== | ===Word order=== | ||
High | High Sowaázh is non-configurational. Noun phrases are head-final. | ||
===Clitics=== | ===Clitics=== | ||
Most conjunctions and clitics obey Wackernagel's law; they come after the first syntactic phrase or the first stressed word in a clause. | Most conjunctions and clitics obey Wackernagel's law; they come after the first syntactic phrase or the first stressed word in a clause. | ||
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Examples: | Examples: | ||
*''lisjhógy'' /lɪ̀ʂtʂʊ́c/ = 'I love you' > ''lisjhógyin'' /lɪ̀ʂtʂʊ́cɪ̀n/ = 'the fact that I love you' | *''lisjhógy'' /lɪ̀ʂtʂʊ́c/ = 'I love you' > ''lisjhógyin'' /lɪ̀ʂtʂʊ́cɪ̀n/ = 'the fact that I love you' | ||
*''shiilyohóokh'' = 'they pile up forming a line' > ''shiilyohóokhin'' = (a type of scale used in | *''shiilyohóokh'' = 'they pile up forming a line' > ''shiilyohóokhin'' = (a type of scale used in Sowaázh music) | ||
==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||
Sowaázh, in addition to native words, uses many loans from Naquic and Tsimulh languages. Borrowed words are almost all nouns. | |||
To abbreviate words, | To abbreviate words, Sowaázh uses clipping. | ||
==Study by non-native speakers== | ==Study by non-native speakers== | ||
Due to the popularity of | Due to the popularity of Sowaázh pop culture across the globe, Sowaázh is commonly learned by Sowaázhophile otakus. Sowaázh is considered one of the most daunting languages for speakers of most Northern languages, due to its morphological complexity and high degree of diglossia. | ||
==Poetry== | ==Poetry== | ||
Sowaázh poetry uses quantitative meters, like Sanskrit. | |||
(LLLLSLLSSSSSSLLSLLSLL) | (LLLLSLLSSSSSSLLSLLSLL) | ||