User:Chrysophylax/Substrate language: Difference between revisions
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===Notes on orthography=== | ===Notes on orthography=== | ||
The temporary orthography I've devised uses | The temporary orthography I've devised uses the macron to represent long vowels, <á> for /ɑ/, <hm> <hn> for the voiceless nasals, <z> for /d͡z/ and <sz> for /t͡s/, <x> for /x/, <ph th kh> for /pʰ tʰ kʰ/. | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
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* No specific way of determining if a word is animate or inanimate | * No specific way of determining if a word is animate or inanimate | ||
:* addendum: certain suffixes are always one or the other, e.g. -dih 'a collection of X' is always inanimate, e.g. ''sokhdih'' 'a collection of stones, a pile of stones' < ''sokh'' 'stone', whilst others are always animate, e.g. ''-tus'' 'who does X', ''nōthētus'' 'sailor' < ''nōthē'' 'ocean'. | :* addendum: certain suffixes are always one or the other, e.g. -dih 'a collection of X' is always inanimate, e.g. ''sokhdih'' 'a collection of stones, a pile of stones' < ''sokh'' 'stone', whilst others are always animate, e.g. ''-tus'' 'who does X', ''nōthētus'' 'sailor' < ''nōthē'' 'ocean'. | ||
==Word list== | |||
{| class="greentable sortable" | |||
|- | |||
! entry | |||
! IPA | |||
! part of speech | |||
! definition | |||
|- | |||
| '''wuhko'''||''wuhkʰɔ''||noun (inan.~anin.)||speech | |||
|- | |||
| '''fexa'''||''fɛɕa''||noun (anim.)|| axe | |||
|- | |||
| '''sēdhuf'''||''sɛːtʰʲhuf''|| noun (inan.) || temple | |||
|- | |||
| hote ||''hɔtɛ''|| noun (anim.) || young pig | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
* '''wuhko''' [''wuhkʰɔ'']; speech (inan.) | |||
Revision as of 23:49, 5 November 2013
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Alveolar sibilant | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m̥ m | n̥ n | |||
| Stop | pʰ p b | tʰ t d | t͡s d͡z | kʰ k g | |
| Fricative | f | s | x | h | |
| Approximant | w |
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Mid-low | ɛ ɛː | ɔ ɔː | |
| Low | a aː | ɑ ɑː |
Syllable structure
(C1)V(C2)
C1: a consonant
V: a vowel
C2: a consonant
Allophony
Front vowels become central before [w]
Stops assimilate in aspiration to a following consonant and become unaspirated word-finally. Before an aspirated consonant, voiced stops become voiceless.
Low vowels become rounded after [w] and central vowels are raised.
Consonants palatalise after a non-low front vowel; velar consonants besides [w] become coronal palatalised; velar stops affricatise (/k/ > [t͡ɕ] \ [i e u]_).
Lots of other stuff.
Notes on orthography
The temporary orthography I've devised uses the macron to represent long vowels, <á> for /ɑ/, <hm> <hn> for the voiceless nasals, <z> for /d͡z/ and <sz> for /t͡s/, <x> for /x/, <ph th kh> for /pʰ tʰ kʰ/.
Morphology
- Case-inflected.
- Animate vs. inanimate
Pronouns
| Pronouns | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First | Second | Third | ||||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | mia | miah(e) | su | suh(i) | ke, o | keh(e), ohe |
| Dative | ate | ateh | uti | utih | ete, hote | eteh, oteh |
| Accusative | miu | muhi | suw | suhi | ku, o | kuhi, ohe |
| Genitive-instrumental | axa | axah(e) | uxa | uxah(e) | exa, hoxa | exah(e), hoxah(e) |
- No specific way of determining if a word is animate or inanimate
- addendum: certain suffixes are always one or the other, e.g. -dih 'a collection of X' is always inanimate, e.g. sokhdih 'a collection of stones, a pile of stones' < sokh 'stone', whilst others are always animate, e.g. -tus 'who does X', nōthētus 'sailor' < nōthē 'ocean'.
Word list
| entry | IPA | part of speech | definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| wuhko | wuhkʰɔ | noun (inan.~anin.) | speech |
| fexa | fɛɕa | noun (anim.) | axe |
| sēdhuf | sɛːtʰʲhuf | noun (inan.) | temple |
| hote | hɔtɛ | noun (anim.) | young pig |
- wuhko [wuhkʰɔ]; speech (inan.)