Eighth edition lekma: Difference between revisions
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A conlang autonym lekma /ˈɥexmä/ is an experimental miniature of language, Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories, half of lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages, to make it, is to learn about languages. | A conlang, autonym lekma /ˈɥexmä/ is an experimental miniature of language, Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories, half of lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages, to make it, is to learn about languages. | ||
contents: | contents: {{green|n}}ouns(intransitive), {{green|a}}djective nouns(monotransitive), {{green|d}}emonstrative nouns(have plural forms), {{green|v}}erbal nouns(transitive, ditransitive), {{green|c}}overbal nouns(particle). {{green|e}}nclitics: (nominal), (adjectival), (plural), (motion in once), (habitual), (subjunctive), (processive), (perfective). | ||
{|nouns: +morpheme nouns(that are intransitives), +adjective nouns(monotransitives), +demonstrative nouns(which have plurals), +verbal nouns(that are transitives, ditransitives), +verb-derived particle nouns(that are prepositions, connectives). +enclitics(they turn nouns to full nouns):demontratives same as aboves, nominal suffix: e/∅/, (demostrative)-hen/ɦen/(plural), adjectival suffix: a,ä.har/ɦä/,/e/ s/s/, verbal suffix: hen/en/(motion in once), hel/ɦel/(habitual, nominaliser), had/ɦät/(subjunctive) dan/ŋdɐ/(processive) nin/nin/(perfective), an,en,ne,, vowel to nasalise+/ŋen/. | {|nouns: +morpheme nouns(that are intransitives), +adjective nouns(monotransitives), +demonstrative nouns(which have plurals), +verbal nouns(that are transitives, ditransitives), +verb-derived particle nouns(that are prepositions, connectives). +enclitics(they turn nouns to full nouns):demontratives same as aboves, nominal suffix: e/∅/, (demostrative)-hen/ɦen/(plural), adjectival suffix: a,ä.har/ɦä/,/e/ s/s/, verbal suffix: hen/en/(motion in once), hel/ɦel/(habitual, nominaliser), had/ɦät/(subjunctive) dan/ŋdɐ/(processive) nin/nin/(perfective), an,en,ne,, vowel to nasalise+/ŋen/. | ||
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Phoneme inventory | Phoneme inventory | ||
{| | | {| | | ||
! |<small>Consonants</small> | ! |<small>{{blue|Consonants}}</small> | ||
! |<small>Bilabial</small> | ! |<small>Bilabial</small> | ||
! |<small>Labio-dental</small> | ! |<small>Labio-dental</small> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Nasal</small> | ! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Nasal</small> | ||
| | | {{blue|m}}a{{blue|m}}(m) || || || {{blue|n}}a{{blue|n}}(n, ɲ) || || || uâ{{blue|u}}(ŋ) || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Plosive</small> | ! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Plosive</small> | ||
| | | {{blue|b}}a{{blue|b}}(b-p) || || {{blue|d}}a{{blue|d}}(d-t) || || || || {{blue|c}}a{{blue|c}}(k-ɡ) || || {{blue|a}}âe(ʔ) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Affricate</small> | ! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Affricate</small> | ||
| || || || | | || || || {{blue|z}}ae(d͡z-t͡s) || {{blue|t}}â{{blue|t}}(ʈ͡ʂ) || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Fricative</small> | ! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Fricative</small> | ||
| || | | || {{blue|f}}â{{blue|f}}(f) || || {{blue|s}}a{{blue|s}}(s-ɕ) || {{blue|x}}a{{blue|x}}(ʂ-ç) || || || {{blue|k}}a{{blue|k}}(x, k) || {{blue|h}}a{{blue|h}}(ɦ, null) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Trill</small> | ! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Trill</small> | ||
| || || || || || || || | | || || || || || || || {{blue|ra}}e(ʀ-r) || aa{{blue|r}}(ɐ̯, null) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Approximant</small> | ! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Approximant</small> | ||
| || | | || {{blue|và}}e(ʋ) || || || || {{blue|i}}áe(ʝ) || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Lateral approximant</small> | ! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Lateral approximant</small> | ||
| || | | || {{blue|a}}àe,aa{{blue|è}}(u̯) || || {{blue|l}}a{{blue|l}},{{blue|u}}àe(ɥ-ʎ, l) || || {{blue|a}}áe,aa{{blue|é}}(i̯) || || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| | | {| | | ||
! colspan="1" |<small>Vowels</small> | ! colspan="1" |<small>{{blue|Vowels}}</small> | ||
! colspan="2" |<small>Front</small> | ! colspan="2" |<small>Front</small> | ||
! colspan="2" |<small>Central</small> | ! colspan="2" |<small>Central</small> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Close</small> | ! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Close</small> | ||
| | | a{{blue|i}}e(i) || a{{blue|üe}}(y) || a{{blue|ei}},a{{blue|í}}e(ɐi̯) || a{{blue|ú}}e(u̯o) || a{{blue|ui(}}ɯɨ) || a{{blue|u}}e(u) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Mid-open</small> | ! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Mid-open</small> | ||
| | | a{{blue|e}}e,e{{blue|ä}}e(e) || a{{blue|ö}}e(ø) || || a{{blue|eu}},a{{blue|ò}}e(ɐu̯) || || a{{blue|ô}}e(o) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Open</small> | ! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Open</small> | ||
| || || | | || || a{{blue|a}}e(ä) || || a{{blue|ao}},a{{blue|o}}e(ʌ) || | ||
|} | |} | ||
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phonotactics | phonotactics | ||
CV(V)C | CV(V)C | ||
gemination | gemination lengthens nearby phoneme. | ||
tone slightly rises at beginning of a phrase. | tone slightly rises at beginning of a phrase. | ||
{| i(ǀ) start citing, (end cite), before a loanword, ǃ(ǂ) exclamation|} | {| i(ǀ) start citing, (end cite), before a loanword, ǃ(ǂ) exclamation|} | ||
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{|! colspan="1" |{{blue|noun root}}! colspan="1" | {|! colspan="1" |{{blue|noun root}}! colspan="1" |the agent of a transitive verb! style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the subject/locative of an intransitive verb}}! style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the direct/indirect object of a verb}}! style="width:90px;"{{green|possessive form}}! style="width: 90px; "|{{green|plural form}}! style="width: 90px; "|{{green|plural possessive form}}! style="width: 90px; "||-! style="text-align: center; "|uac/ʋɐk/| sac/sɐk/| nac/nɐk/| uac/ʋɐk/[ʔɐk]|uacs/ʔäks/|sacen/säːgen/,nacen/näːgen/,uacen/ʔäːgen/| uacens/ʔäːgens/| I! style="text-align: center; "|uue/ʋyː/| sue/syː/| nue/nyː/| uue/ʋyː/[ʔyː]| uues/ʋyːs/[ʔyːs]| suen/syːen/,nuen/nyːen/,ʋuen/ʔyːen/| uuens/ʔyːens/| You! style="text-align: center; "|hia/ɦiä/| sia/siä/| nia/niä/| hia/ɦiä/| hias/ɦiäs/| sian/siän/,nian/niän/,hian/ɦiän/| hians/ɦiäns/| They (singular)! colspan="1" |{{blue|verb root}}indicative form}}subjunctive form}}connective form}}{{blue|noun-like form}}{{blue|gloss}}! style="width: 90px; "|{{green|present/habitual}}! style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the motion is futural}}! style="width: 90px; "|{{green|-ing, /if}}! style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the motion is incomplete}}! style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the motion is completed}}! style="text-align: center; "|sel/sel/| ser/sel/| seat/seɦät/| sad/säːt/| selnd/selindɐ/| selnt/selint/| be! style="text-align: center; "|bal/bäl/| bar/bäl/| baat/päɦät/| bad/päːt/| balnd/pälindɐ| balnt/pälint/| have! |tel/tel/| ter/tel/| teat/teɦät/| tad/täːt/| telnd/telindɐ/| telnt/telint/| hang,raise | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 16:25, 19 March 2019
A conlang, autonym lekma /ˈɥexmä/ is an experimental miniature of language, Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories, half of lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages, to make it, is to learn about languages.
contents: nouns(intransitive), adjective nouns(monotransitive), demonstrative nouns(have plural forms), verbal nouns(transitive, ditransitive), coverbal nouns(particle). enclitics: (nominal), (adjectival), (plural), (motion in once), (habitual), (subjunctive), (processive), (perfective).
every words are morpheme. full nouns, affixed nouns or VO are indicative phrases. e is null vowel null consonant, it is /e/ after a consonant. Writings: excepting q w p g j y. u is added as /ŋ/, a i u are also consonants in certain circumstances.
Syntactics Type: SVO. Basic structure: ergative noun - verbal noun objective noun - topic noun / subjective noun - noun adjectival suffix - topic noun.
Phoneme inventory
| Consonants | Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | mam(m) | nan(n, ɲ) | uâu(ŋ) | ||||||
| Plosive | bab(b-p) | dad(d-t) | cac(k-ɡ) | aâe(ʔ) | |||||
| Affricate | zae(d͡z-t͡s) | tât(ʈ͡ʂ) | |||||||
| Fricative | fâf(f) | sas(s-ɕ) | xax(ʂ-ç) | kak(x, k) | hah(ɦ, null) | ||||
| Trill | rae(ʀ-r) | aar(ɐ̯, null) | |||||||
| Approximant | vàe(ʋ) | iáe(ʝ) | |||||||
| Lateral approximant | aàe,aaè(u̯) | lal,uàe(ɥ-ʎ, l) | aáe,aaé(i̯) |
| Vowels | Front | Central | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
| Close | aie(i) | aüe(y) | aei,aíe(ɐi̯) | aúe(u̯o) | aui(ɯɨ) | aue(u) |
| Mid-open | aee,eäe(e) | aöe(ø) | aeu,aòe(ɐu̯) | aôe(o) | ||
| Open | aae(ä) | aao,aoe(ʌ) | ||||
phonotactics CV(V)C gemination lengthens nearby phoneme. tone slightly rises at beginning of a phrase.
Made text of it is what. närca sêdna. nac-har sêd-nan i.be swed-ish
of this is what. famsendoclea. fam sen-doc-leh-har fruits this-place-of-be
naciorneuse a lekma neidoc. romlang.be ? lekma be.not.it is lekma a romlang? no, it's not.
of who does what. hainimdaies doc hai nim daines doc they eat some-of this