Eighth edition lekma: Difference between revisions

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  Syntactics
  Syntactics
  Type: SVO-Topic, right branching of a clause, left element modifies the right.
  Type: SVO-Topic, right branching of a clause, left element modifies the right.
  Word formation: (+coverb) noun (+adjectifier of zeromopheme) (+demonstrative) (+verb) noun (+enclitic).
  Word formation: (+coverb) noun (+adjectifier of zeromorpheme) (+demonstrative) (+verb) noun (+enclitic).
{|  ergative noun • vebal noun objective noun from the grammar • topic noun / al noun • noun adjectival suffix • topic noun, where a middle dot separates phrases. they can switch their places, phses at fists are foal phrases.|}
{|  ergative noun • vebal noun objective noun from the grammar • topic noun / al noun • noun adjectival suffix • topic noun, where a middle dot separates phrases. they can switch thei places, phses at fists are foal phrases.|}


{| aside from the onemic orthography, numerals are written. -|}
{| aside from the onemic orthography, numerals are written. -|}
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  writings: excepting q w p g j y, u is added as /ŋ/, a i u are consonants in certain circumstances,
  writings: excepting q w p g j y, u is added as /ŋ/, a i u are consonants in certain circumstances,
  e is phonemically space, except for after a consonant.
  e is phonemically space, except for after a consonant.
  grapheme inventory.
  Grapheme inventory:
{| |
{| |
! |<small>{{blue|Consonants}}</small>
! |<small>{{blue|Consonants}}</small>
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|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Nasal</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Nasal</small>
| {{blue|m}}a{{blue|m}}(m) ||  || {{blue|n}}a{{blue|n}}(n, ɲ) ||  ||  || {{blue|u}}â{{blue|u}}(ŋ) ||  ||  
| {{blue|m}}a{{blue|m}}(m) ||  || {{blue|n}}a{{blue|n}}(n, ɲ) ||  ||  || {{blue|u}}â{{blue|u}}(ŋ) ||  ||  |
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Plosive</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Plosive</small>
| {{blue|b}}a{{blue|b}}(b~p) ||  || {{blue|d}}a{{blue|d}}(d~t) ||  ||  || {{blue|c}}a{{blue|c}}(k~ɡ) ||  || {{blue|a}}âe(ʔ)
| {{blue|b}}a{{blue|b}}(b~p) ||  || {{blue|d}}a{{blue|d}}(d~t) ||  ||  || {{blue|c}}a{{blue|c}}(k~ɡ) ||  || {{blue|a}}âe(ʔ) |
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Affricate</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Affricate</small>
|  ||  || {{blue|z}}ae(d͡z~t͡s) || {{blue|t}}â{{blue|t}}(ʈ͡ʂ~t͡ʃ) ||  ||  ||  ||  
|  ||  || {{blue|z}}ae(d͡z~t͡s) || {{blue|t}}â{{blue|t}}(ʈ͡ʂ~t͡ʃ) ||  ||  ||  ||  |
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Fricative</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Fricative</small>
|  || {{blue|f}}â{{blue|f}}(f) || {{blue|s}}a{{blue|s}}(s~ɕ) || {{blue|x}}a{{blue|x}}(ʂ~ç) ||  || {{blue|k}}a{{blue|k}}(x~χ, k) ||  || {{blue|h}}a{{blue|h}}(ɦ, n/a)
|  || {{blue|f}}â{{blue|f}}(f) || {{blue|s}}a{{blue|s}}(s~ɕ) || {{blue|x}}a{{blue|x}}(ʂ~ç) ||  || {{blue|k}}a{{blue|k}}(x~χ, k) ||  || {{blue|h}}a{{blue|h}}(ɦ, n/a) |
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Trill</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Trill</small>
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || {{blue|r}}ae(ʀ~r) ||  
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || {{blue|r}}ae(ʀ~r) ||  |
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Approximant</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Approximant</small>
|  || {{blue|v}}àe(ʋ) ||  ||  || {{blue|i}}áe(ʝ) ||  ||  ||  
|  || {{blue|v}}àe(ʋ) ||  ||  || {{blue|i}}áe(ʝ) ||  ||  ||  |
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Semi vowel</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Semi vowel</small>
|  || {{blue|a}}àe,aa{{blue|è}}(u̯) || {{blue|l}}a{{blue|l}},{{blue|u}}àe(ɥ, l) ||  || {{blue|a}}áe,aa{{blue|é}}(i̯) ||  ||  || aa{{blue|r}}(ë~ɐ̯, n/a)
|  || {{blue|a}}àe,aa{{blue|è}}(u̯) || {{blue|l}}a{{blue|l}},{{blue|u}}àe(ɥ, l) ||  || {{blue|a}}áe,aa{{blue|é}}(i̯) ||  ||  || aa{{blue|r}}(ë~ɐ̯, n/a) |
|}
|}


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|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Close</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Close</small>
| a{{blue|i}}e(i) || a{{blue|ü}}e(y) || a{{blue|ei}},a{{blue|í}}e(ëi̯) || a{{blue|ò}}e(u̯o) || a{{blue|ui}},a{{blue|ï}}e(ɯɨ) || a{{blue|u}}e(u)
| a{{blue|i}}e(i) || a{{blue|ü}}e(y) || a{{blue|ei}},a{{blue|í}}e(ëi̯) || a{{blue|ò}}e(u̯o) || a{{blue|ui}},a{{blue|ï}}e(ɯɨ) || a{{blue|u}}e(u) |
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Mid-open</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Mid-open</small>
| a{{blue|e}}e,e{{blue|ä}}e(e) || a{{blue|ö}}e(ø) ||  || a{{blue|eu}},a{{blue|ù}}e(ëu̯) ||  || a{{blue|o}}e(o)
| a{{blue|e}}e,e{{blue|ä}}e(e) || a{{blue|ö}}e(ø) ||  || a{{blue|eu}},a{{blue|ù}}e(ëu̯) ||  || a{{blue|o}}e(o) |
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Open</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Open</small>
|  ||  || a{{blue|a}}e(ä) ||  || a{{blue|ao}},a{{blue|ô}}e(ʌ) ||  
|  ||  || a{{blue|a}}e(ä) ||  || a{{blue|ao}},a{{blue|ô}}e(ʌ) ||  |
|}
|}


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{|* 1: ʋɐk /uac* you (singular): 2ʋyː /uue* he: ɦäŋ /han* we:  /uacen* you (plural): ʋyːen /uuen* they: ɦiä /hia* this : tog,ɦiä /toc,hia* that: àe,kosa /hae,cos* here: tocma /tcm* there: kkaema /aem* who: hhia,lhia /lia* what: kva /kva* where: kvime /kvm* when: kvatzuí /kvn* how: kvamuí /kvi* not: né /nei* all: àen /aen* many: àens /aens* some: de àen /duiaen* few: làes /leas* other: né daes /neidae* one: éna,ená,ésa,esá /ina,isa* two: tzue /dva* three: mal /mal* four: cut /cut* five: unal /hal* big: lhens* long: naelhens* wide: daesbala* thick: bala* heavy: né fie /neifias* small: nal* short: kul* narrow: tis /tsm* thin: kadtis* woman: lhúa /lua* man (adult male): lhúa /lua* man (human being): hhan/lhúo /luo* child: tisluo* mother: mâma /mam* father: dâda /dad* animal: tissor d tis* fish: fisker* bird: tofie  /tfl* snake: lam* worm: hhom /orm* tree /bim* forest: bsk* stick: baunel /uncertain* fruit: fam /flm* seed: fam /sem* leaf: hhüo /lif* root: lád /lad* flower: uncertain /lili* grass: ladlil* rope: sinn /uncertain* skin: bäl /* meat: salk /slk* blood: salk* bone: lám * fat (noun): bét /fat* egg: ais* horn: kol /krn* tail: lámen /lam* feather: fie /fli* hair: tetr /khr* head: uncertain /cab* ear: olhen /orh* eye: ain /oin* nose: nis* mouth: uncertain /lif* tooth: tzann /fnc* tongue (organ): tzann /zau* fingernail: tzann /fau* foot: uncertain /bam* leg: uncertain /bam* knee: baim* hand: tec /tek* wing: fiem /fli* belly: mac* guts: mac * neck: nec* back: tzüc /ruc* breast: bec /fec* heart: kel /kor* liver: kel* to drink: sifel /drk* to eat: nem /nhm* to bite: tzaunel /tnf* to suck: sifel * to spit: nemel* to vomit: tue dae nems* to blow: bolel * to breathe: nesel /* to laugh: hrak /rch* to see: vis /ver* to hear: sanhel /oir* to know: caän* to think: canel /dik* to smell: nesel /uncertain* to fear: bai* to sleep: bei /slf* to live: súmel* to die: né súmel /meisumel* to kill: sral * to fight: sral /uncertain* to hunt: sral* to hit: láb /lfn* to cut: kul* to split: tuinde kut,tua tzues /dval* to stab: binn * to scratch: skilel* to dig: binn /nem* to swim: uncertain /sìm* to fly: uncertain /fei* to walk: salkel* to come: hhim /clm* to lie (as in a bed): lob* to sit: sidel /set* to stand: hrec /tnd* to turn (intransitive): silkel* to fall: feiel /fei* to give: duo* to hold: hrantel* to squeeze: tzecal* to rub: vask * to wash: vasker* to wipe: vaskel /vsk* to pull: tec* to push: tec,ffon* to throw: tue toc náe* to tie: ticel /bnd* to sew: ffinticel* to count: teltzif* to say: seu* to sing: séunel /seu* to play: bil /sfl* to float: lom /flt* to flow: ae /flt* to freeze: íelel /iel* to swell: rcol /uncertain* sun: hrá /uncertain* moon: daehrá /mun* star: lucz /trl* water: súm /sumi* rain: lein /rcn* river: léne /len* lake: léne /len* sea: léneen /len* salt: saltee* stone: shè /stn* sand: sahr /snd* dust: hroma*earth: thi /nulmaf* cloud: küt /sku* fog: küt /foc* sky: séo /sulmaf* wind: fendas /vnd* snow: nívas /snu* ice: íelen /ais* smoke: féu /feo* fire: féu /feo* ash: daeféu* to burn: tocféu tue /feol* road: vei /vec* mountain: uncertain /mon* red: hrot /rod* :  /crn* yellow: col /clb* white: hrát /vit black: dal /blc* night: dal /nkt* day: dis /dac* year: iálen /zuames* warm: nôk /vrm* cold: íels /chl* full: buk /ful* new: bil* old: né bil* good: hhim /bim* bad: né hhim* rotten: tocel nae* dirty: mud* straight: bim* round: kadbal* sharp (as a knife): dis * dull (as a knife): dos* smooth:: suːmmɯi /summui* dry: sekal /sek* correct: bim* near: tocmas* far: naema* right: hris /lkt* left: chol /lnk* at: ʈ͡ʂɯi /zuiin: lea /ins* because|}
{|* 1: ʋɐk /uac* you (singular): 2ʋyː /uue* he: ɦäŋ /han* we:  /uacen* you (plural): ʋyːen /uuen* they: ɦiä /hia* this : tog,ɦiä /toc,hia* that: àe,kosa /hae,cos* here: tocma /tcm* there: kkaema /aem* who: hhia,lhia /lia* what: kva /kva* where: kvime /kvm* when: kvatzuí /kvn* how: kvamuí /kvi* not: né /nei* all: àen /aen* many: àens /aens* some: de àen /duiaen* few: làes /leas* other: né daes /neidae* one: éna,ená,ésa,esá /ina,isa* two: tzue /dva* three: mal /mal* four: cut /cut* five: unal /hal* big: lhens* long: naelhens* wide: daesbala* thick: bala* heavy: né fie /neifias* small: nal* short: kul* narrow: tis /tsm* thin: kadtis* woman: lhúa /lua* man (adult male): lhúa /lua* man (human being): hhan/lhúo /luo* child: tisluo* mother: mâma /mam* father: dâda /dad* animal: tissor d tis* fish: fisker* bird: tofie  /tfl* snake: lam* worm: hhom /orm* tree /bim* forest: bsk* stick: baunel /uncertain* fruit: fam /flm* seed: fam /sem* leaf: hhüo /lif* root: lád /lad* flower: uncertain /lili* grass: ladlil* rope: sinn /uncertain* skin: bäl /* meat: salk /slk* blood: salk* bone: lám * fat (noun): bét /fat* egg: ais* horn: kol /krn* tail: lámen /lam* feather: fie /fli* hair: tetr /khr* head: uncertain /cab* ear: olhen /orh* eye: ain /oin* nose: nis* mouth: uncertain /lif* tooth: tzann /fnc* tongue (organ): tzann /zau* fingernail: tzann /fau* foot: uncertain /bam* leg: uncertain /bam* knee: baim* hand: tec /tek* wing: fiem /fli* belly: mac* guts: mac * neck: nec* back: tzüc /ruc* breast: bec /fec* heart: kel /kor* liver: kel* to drink: sifel /drk* to eat: nem /nhm* to bite: tzaunel /tnf* to suck: sifel * to spit: nemel* to vomit: tue dae nems* to blow: bolel * to breathe: nesel /* to laugh: hrak /rch* to see: vis /ver* to hear: sanhel /oir* to know: caän* to think: canel /dik* to smell: nesel /uncertain* to fear: bai* to sleep: bei /slf* to live: súmel* to die: né súmel /meisumel* to kill: sral * to fight: sral /uncertain* to hunt: sral* to hit: láb /lfn* to cut: kul* to split: tuinde kut,tua tzues /dval* to stab: binn * to scratch: skilel* to dig: binn /nem* to swim: uncertain /sìm* to fly: uncertain /fei* to walk: salkel* to come: hhim /clm* to lie (as in a bed): lob* to sit: sidel /set* to stand: hrec /tnd* to turn (intransitive): silkel* to fall: feiel /fei* to give: duo* to hold: hrantel* to squeeze: tzecal* to rub: vask * to wash: vasker* to wipe: vaskel /vsk* to pull: tec* to push: tec,ffon* to throw: tue toc náe* to tie: ticel /bnd* to sew: ffinticel* to count: teltzif* to say: seu* to sing: séunel /seu* to play: bil /sfl* to float: lom /flt* to flow: ae /flt* to freeze: íelel /iel* to swell: rcol /uncertain* sun: hrá /uncertain* moon: daehrá /mun* star: lucz /trl* water: súm /sumi* rain: lein /rcn* river: léne /len* lake: léne /len* sea: léneen /len* salt: saltee* stone: shè /stn* sand: sahr /snd* dust: hroma*earth: thi /nulmaf* cloud: küt /sku* fog: küt /foc* sky: séo /sulmaf* wind: fendas /vnd* snow: nívas /snu* ice: íelen /ais* smoke: féu /feo* fire: féu /feo* ash: daeféu* to burn: tocféu tue /feol* road: vei /vec* mountain: uncertain /mon* red: hrot /rod* :  /crn* yellow: col /clb* white: hrát /vit black: dal /blc* night: dal /nkt* day: dis /dac* year: iálen /zuames* warm: nôk /vrm* cold: íels /chl* full: buk /ful* new: bil* old: né bil* good: hhim /bim* bad: né hhim* rotten: tocel nae* dirty: mud* straight: bim* round: kadbal* sharp (as a knife): dis * dull (as a knife): dos* smooth:: suːmmɯi /summui* dry: sekal /sek* correct: bim* near: tocmas* far: naema* right: hris /lkt* left: chol /lnk* at: ʈ͡ʂɯi /zuiin: lea /ins* because|}
{|Lexics|}
{|Lexics|}
{| mam*mom mim mum mon miu mou mac miz muk mil mul mai*value mui*means máè*meow nam*to name nac*to 1 nacmie*europant naciór*romlang nal nui*snake nuf nab nul*down nim*eat nüe*to 2 niskad nat uil*arm uih*then bim bab beb bid*house bosker*forest bah*brace diu dol*fish dad*dad dek dil* wet dui*do what dál*draw cac cuf cal cilke aam*aim a d aae*is it true for aas aal e d aee*accompanying with o d aoe*compared with, if den*keep deh*hang fui*made from zil zul zah*nail zeica d zêc*sore tam tau*fang tal*string tin tax tic sel*be by súmmi*water sul süe*you seh*be sud saf xan xul*up xai*why xei*what xui*how,when fam*fruits fun foù*fire kalmê kum kat*hands kalkee ham han*he neuter hai*they singular vad*what,who vie*why,how vaskae von*when,where rac*cross ril*lough len*wind lan*group lis*smile lal*pilor lul*food léu*green iel*slope ser*that kind.|}
{| mam*mom mim mum mon miu mou mac miz muk mil mul mai*value mui*means máè*meow nam*to name nac*to 1 nacmie*europant naciór*romlang nal nui*snake nuf nab nul*down nim*eat nüe*to 2 niskad nat uil*arm uih*then bim bab beb bid*house bosker*forest bah*brace diu dol*fish dad*dad dek dil* wet dui*do what dál*draw cac cuf cal cilke aam*aim a d aae*is it true for i d aie*tsk, a cite u d aue*of where to aas aal e d aee*accompanying with o d aoe*compared with, if den*keep deh*hang fui*made from zil zul zah*nail zeica d zêc*sore tam tau*fang tal*string tin tax tic sel*be by súmmi*water sul süe*you seh*be sud saf xan xul*up xai*why xei*what xui*how,when fam*fruits fun foù*fire kalmê kum kat*hands kalkee ham han*he neuter hai*they singular vad*what,who vie*why,how vaskae von*when,where rac*cross ril*lough len*wind lan*group lis*smile lal*pilor lul*food léu*green iel*slope ser*that kind.|}




[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]

Revision as of 17:30, 26 March 2019

  A conlang, autonym Lekmae /ˈɥexmä/ is to experiment grammatical features, Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories,
half of the lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages, as for making this miniature that is to learn about languages.



  content: nouns(nominal of intransitives), adjective nouns(nominal of adjectives), demonstrative nouns(have plural forms, have similarity for the category), verbal nouns(nominal of monotransitives), coverbal nouns(have similarity for the category), enclitic nouns(have similarity for the category).

enclitics distinguish those kinds, nominal, adjectival, plural, objective, motion in once, habitual, subjunctive, processive, perfective.
demontratives express those kinds, nominal, ergative, objective, subjunctive, dative, near to the speaker, away from the speaker.
every words are morpheme. nouns with enclitics or VO phrases, are indicative mood.

Syntactics
Type: SVO-Topic, right branching of a clause, left element modifies the right.
Word formation: (+coverb) noun (+adjectifier of zeromorpheme) (+demonstrative) (+verb) noun (+enclitic).

writings: excepting q w p g j y, u is added as /ŋ/, a i u are consonants in certain circumstances,
e is phonemically space, except for after a consonant.
Grapheme inventory:
Consonants Bilabial Labio-dental Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal mam(m) nan(n, ɲ) uâu(ŋ)
Plosive bab(b~p) dad(d~t) cac(k~ɡ)
Affricate zae(d͡z~t͡s) tât(ʈ͡ʂ~t͡ʃ)
Fricative fâf(f) sas(s~ɕ) xax(ʂ~ç) kak(x~χ, k)
Trill rae(ʀ~r)
Approximant vàe(ʋ) iáe(ʝ)
Semi vowel aàe,aaè(u̯) lal,uàe(ɥ, l) aáe,aaé(i̯)


Vowels Front Central Back
unrounded rounded unrounded rounded unrounded rounded
Close aie(i) aüe(y) aei,aíe(ëi̯) aòe(u̯o) aui,aïe(ɯɨ)
Mid-open aee,eäe(e) aöe(ø) aeu,aùe(ëu̯)
Open aae(ä) aao,aôe(ʌ) 


phonotactics: CV(V)C.
tone slightly rises initially of a phrase.



Made text
of it is what
Närca Sêdnan.
/ˈne.ëɡä su̯ednän/
nac-har sêd-nan
1-be swed-ish



of this is what
Famsendoclea.
/fämsendokɥe.ˈä/
fam sen-doc-leh-har
fruits this-place.of-be



Naciorneuse a Lekmae Neidoc.
/näkʝonëu̯s(ë) ʔä ɥexmä nëi̯dok/
romlang.be true.for Lekmae  be.not.3
is Lekmae a romlang? no, it's not.



of who does what
hainimdaies doc.
/--/
kai nim daines doc
they eat some-of this
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