Nahónda: Difference between revisions
Add Minhast and Nankôre demonstratives. This will be skeleton for creating Nahónda demonstratives |
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=== Demonstratives === | === Demonstratives === | ||
Like its relatives Minhast and Nankôre, Nahónda makes a four-way distinction in its demonstratives. Some forms, such as the Proximal and Medio-proximal demonstratives, show in the Agent forms an etymological relationship with Minhast. The Medio-proximal patient and Distal agent forms appear to be derived from the same source as in the corresponding Nankôre form. A common etymology for the Invisible form among all the sister languages has yet to be found. | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2"| | |||
! colspan="2" | Independent | |||
! colspan="2" | Clitic | |||
! rowspan="2"| Comments | |||
|- | |||
! Agent | |||
! Patient | |||
! Agent | |||
! Patient | |||
|- | |||
! Proximal | |||
| saka | |||
| ko | |||
| =sa | |||
| =ko | |||
| this one, near the speaker; compare with Minhast ''sap'' "this" (ABS) | |||
|- | |||
! Medio-proximal | |||
| na | |||
| ho | |||
| =na | |||
| =ho | |||
| this/that one near the listener; compare ''na'' with Minhast ''nax'' "that" (ABS), ''ho'' with Nankôre ''=hori'' "that" | |||
|- | |||
! Distal | |||
| wanko | |||
| wo | |||
| =wa | |||
| =wo | |||
| far from both speaker and listener; compare with Minhast ''waššī'' (ABS) | |||
|- | |||
! Invisible | |||
| yanko | |||
| yo | |||
| =ya | |||
| =yo | |||
| Used for objects beyond sight or obstructed by another object. It may also be used for a person or thing being referred to within a narrative or other discourse, and sometimes as a decessive. | |||
|} | |||
Minhast demonstrative pronouns make a four-way distinction. As attributives, they precede their heads, joined by the connective ''min'' to the NP they modify. They may also be cliticized to their heads. The cliticized forms tend to be used in the Lower Minhast and City Speaker dialects, particularly in informal speech. | Minhast demonstrative pronouns make a four-way distinction. As attributives, they precede their heads, joined by the connective ''min'' to the NP they modify. They may also be cliticized to their heads. The cliticized forms tend to be used in the Lower Minhast and City Speaker dialects, particularly in informal speech. | ||