Proto-Hlou-Shum: Difference between revisions
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==Proto-Talsmic phonology== | |||
===Consonant inventory=== | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;" | |||
! colspan="9"|Proto-Talsmic reconstructed consonants | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | | |||
! |Labial | |||
! |Alveolar | |||
! |Palatal | |||
! |Velar | |||
! |Uvular | |||
! |Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal | |||
| *m | |||
| *n | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" |Plosive | |||
! |<small>voiceless</small> | |||
| *p | |||
| *t | |||
| *c | |||
| *k | |||
| *q | |||
| *ʔ | |||
|- | |||
! |<small>voiced</small> | |||
| *b | |||
| *d | |||
| *ɟ | |||
| *g | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! |<small>aspirated</small> | |||
| *pʰ | |||
| *tʰ | |||
| *cʰ | |||
| *kʰ | |||
| *qʰ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative | |||
! |<small>voiceless</small> | |||
| | |||
| *s | |||
| *ç | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| *h | |||
|- | |||
! |<small>voiced</small> | |||
| | |||
| *z | |||
| *ƶ | |||
| | |||
| *ʁ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Approximant | |||
| *w | |||
| | |||
| *j | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Trill | |||
| | |||
| *r | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Lateral app. | |||
| | |||
| *l | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
/qʰ/ may have been realized as an affricate, [qχ]. | |||
===Vocalic inventory=== | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;" | |||
! style="width: 90px; "| | |||
! style="width: 90px; " |Front | |||
! style="width: 90px; " |Central | |||
! style="width: 90px; " |Back | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Close | |||
| *i *ī | |||
| | |||
| *u *ū | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Mid | |||
| *e *ē | |||
| | |||
| *o *ō | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Open | |||
| | |||
| *a *ā | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
==Sound changes== | |||
[To order...] | [To order...] | ||
*/pʰ tʰ ŧʰ kʰ qʰ/ > /ɸ θ ç x χ/ | */pʰ tʰ ŧʰ kʰ qʰ/ > /ɸ θ ç x χ/ | ||
Revision as of 01:04, 2 April 2014
Proto-Talsmic phonology
Consonant inventory
| Proto-Talsmic reconstructed consonants | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||
| Nasal | *m | *n | ||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | *p | *t | *c | *k | *q | *ʔ | |
| voiced | *b | *d | *ɟ | *g | ||||
| aspirated | *pʰ | *tʰ | *cʰ | *kʰ | *qʰ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | *s | *ç | *h | ||||
| voiced | *z | *ƶ | *ʁ | |||||
| Approximant | *w | *j | ||||||
| Trill | *r | |||||||
| Lateral app. | *l | |||||||
/qʰ/ may have been realized as an affricate, [qχ].
Vocalic inventory
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | *i *ī | *u *ū | |
| Mid | *e *ē | *o *ō | |
| Open | *a *ā |
Sound changes
[To order...]
- /pʰ tʰ ŧʰ kʰ qʰ/ > /ɸ θ ç x χ/
- /q ʁ χ/ > /ʡ ħ ħ/
- /ʁ/ > /w/ sometimes, especially with high vowels around
- /ç ƶ ŧ đ/ > /θ ð t͡s ʎ/
- /ç/ > f / _C[+coronal]
- /ç/ > s / _C[+labial]
- Radical-coloring: /e i o u y/ > /a e a o e/ _C[+radical]
- /ēj/ > /ie/
- /oj uj/ > /y/, /ōj ūj/ > /ȳ/ / _C
- /w/ > /v/ / otherwise
- C[-voiced] > Ø / _#
- /a e i o u y/ > Ø / _#
- /ā ē ī ō ū ȳ/ > /a e i o u y/ / _#
- /ajV ejV/ (V short) > /ai ei/ _#
- /ēh/ > /ie/ _#
- /ēj, ējh/ > /i/ or /ie/ _#
(Grammaticalization of object/oblique pronouns somewhere around here)
(some umlaut)
- /e i o u y ē ī ō ū ȳ/ > /ā ie ā ua ȳ ā ē ā ua ē/ _/ħ ʡ/# and /ħ ʡ/ > Ø _#
- /a e i o u/ > /ā ē ī ō ū/ _h#, h > Ø _#
- /*ahu *aju/ > /*au/, /*ahi *aji/ > /*ai/
- /*u/ > /*y/ / _#
- /*u *ū/ > /*y *ȳ/ _C[+coronal], sometimes when occuring after the downstep
- /z/ > /r/ / _C[+voiced, not /z/]
- *-# ʔ: downstep alternates between the internal syllable and the ending
- no *-# ʔ: downstep is fixed