Proto-Hlou-Shum: Difference between revisions

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==Sound changes==
==Phonological laws==
[To order...]
*''*mʔ, *nʔ, *lʔ, *rʔ'' > ''mp, nt, lt, rt''
*/pʰ tʰ ŧʰ kʰ qʰ/ > /ɸ θ ç x χ/
*''*mh, *nh, *lh, *rh'' > ''mf, nth, lth, rth''
*/q ʁ χ/ > /ʡ ħ ħ/
*coronal obstruent + sibilant<sub>i</sub> > sibilant<sub>i</sub>sibilant<sub>i</sub>
**/ʁ/ > /w/ sometimes, especially with high vowels around
*CC[+resonant]{C, #} > CyC[+resonant]{C, #}
*/ç ƶ ŧ đ/ > /θ ð t͡s ʎ/
**Cyı{C, #} > Ci{C, #}
**/ç/ > ''f'' / _C[+coronal]
*CC[-resonant]C > CiC[-resonant]C
**/ç/ > ''s'' / _C[+labial]
*''ıy[ː]'' > ''i[ː]''
*Radical-coloring: /e i o u y/ > /a e a o e/ _C[+radical]
*''z'' > ''r'' / V_C[-semivowel, +voiced, ~{/z/}]
*/ēj/ > /ie/
*''h''  > [ː~] / _C[+fricative]
*/oj uj/ > /y/, /ōj ūj/ > /ȳ/ / _C
*''*ʔ'' > [ː~] / _C
*/w/ > /v/ / otherwise
*''c'' > ''ch'' / _{''d'', ''t'', ''ŧ''}
*C[-voiced] > Ø / _#
*''*tk'', ''*ck'' ''*tkʰ/ckʰ'' > ''cht'', ''chŧ'', ''cth''
*/a e i o u y/ > Ø / _#
*''*q''
*/ā ē ī ō ū ȳ/ > /a e i o u y/ / _#
**> ''ħ'' / _{''t'', ''ŧ''}
*/ajV ejV/ (V short) > /ai ei/ _#
**> ''v'' / _C[+voiced +obstruent]
*/ēh/ > /ie/ _#
*''*ʁ''
*/ēj, ējh/ > /i/ or /ie/ _#
**> ''ħ'' except...
 
**> ''v'' / _C[+voiced] or _V[+close]
(Grammaticalization of object/oblique pronouns somewhere around here)
*''nr'' > ''ndr'', ''lr'' > ''ldr''
 
(some umlaut)
*/e i o u y ē ī ō ū ȳ/ > /ā ie ā ua ȳ ā ē ā ua ē/ _/ħ ʡ/# and /ħ ʡ/ > Ø _#
*/a e i o u/ > /ā ē ī ō ū/ _h#, h > Ø _#
*/*ahu *aju/ > /*au/, /*ahi *aji/ > /*ai/
*/*u/ > /*y/ / _#
*/*u *ū/ > /*y *ȳ/ _C[+coronal], sometimes when occuring after the downstep
*/z/ > /r/ / _C[+voiced, not /z/]
*<nowiki>*</nowiki>-# ʔ: downstep alternates between the internal syllable and the ending
*no *-# ʔ: downstep is fixed




[[Category:Diachronics]]
[[Category:Diachronics]]

Revision as of 03:51, 2 April 2014

Proto-Talsmic phonology

Consonant inventory

Proto-Talsmic reconstructed consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal *m *n
Plosive voiceless *p *t *c *k *q *ʔ
voiced *b *d *ɟ *g
aspirated *pʰ *tʰ *cʰ *kʰ *qʰ
Fricative voiceless *s *ç *h
voiced *z *ƶ *ʁ
Approximant *w *j
Trill *r
Lateral app. *l

/qʰ/ may have been realized as an affricate, [qχ].

Vocalic inventory

Front Central Back
Close *i *ī *u *ū
Mid *e *ē *o *ō
Open *a *ā

Phonological laws

  • *mʔ, *nʔ, *lʔ, *rʔ > mp, nt, lt, rt
  • *mh, *nh, *lh, *rh > mf, nth, lth, rth
  • coronal obstruent + sibilanti > sibilantisibilanti
  • CC[+resonant]{C, #} > CyC[+resonant]{C, #}
    • Cyı{C, #} > Ci{C, #}
  • CC[-resonant]C > CiC[-resonant]C
  • ıy[ː] > i[ː]
  • z > r / V_C[-semivowel, +voiced, ~{/z/}]
  • h > [ː~] / _C[+fricative]
  • *ʔ > [ː~] / _C
  • c > ch / _{d, t, ŧ}
  • *tk, *ck *tkʰ/ckʰ > cht, chŧ, cth
  • *q
    • > ħ / _{t, ŧ}
    • > v / _C[+voiced +obstruent]
  • *ʁ
    • > ħ except...
    • > v / _C[+voiced] or _V[+close]
  • nr > ndr, lr > ldr
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