Proto-Hlou-Shum: Difference between revisions

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Line 115: Line 115:
#''*qχ'' > ''*χ''
#''*qχ'' > ''*χ''
#''*ʔ=ʔ'' > ''*ʔ''
#''*ʔ=ʔ'' > ''*ʔ''
#''*nr'' > ''ndr'', ''*lr'' > ''ldr''
#''*nr'' > ''*ndr'', ''*lr'' > ''*ldr''
#''*mʔ, *nʔ, *lʔ, *rʔ'' > ''*mp, *nt, *lt, *rt''; ''*mh, *nh, *lh, *rh'' > ''*mɸ, *nθ, *lθ, *rθ''
#''*mʔ, *nʔ, *lʔ, *rʔ'' > ''*mp, *nt, *lt, *rt''; ''*mh, *nh, *lh, *rh'' > ''*mɸ, *nθ, *lθ, *rθ''
#''*kʰ *cʰ *tʰ *pʰ'' (in order?) > ''*x *ç *θ *ɸ''  
#''*kʰ *cʰ *tʰ *pʰ'' (in order?) > ''*x *ç *θ *ɸ''  
#'''Pronominal grammaticalization begins'''
#''Pronominal grammaticalization begins''
#''*c'' > ''*ŧ''
#''*c'' > ''*ŧ''
#''*ç *ƶ''
#''*ç *ƶ''
Line 125: Line 125:
#''*k'' > ''*x'' / _{''d'', ''t'', ''ŧ''}
#''*k'' > ''*x'' / _{''d'', ''t'', ''ŧ''}
#''*tk'', ''*ck'' ''*tkʰ/kʰ'' > ''cht'', ''chŧ'', ''cth''
#''*tk'', ''*ck'' ''*tkʰ/kʰ'' > ''cht'', ''chŧ'', ''cth''
#'''Tonogenesis event:''' ''*=ʔ'' > word-final tonic syllable
#''Tonogenesis event:'' ''*=ʔ'' > word-final tonic syllable
#''*q *χ'' > ''*ʡ *ħ''
#''*q *χ'' > ''*ʡ *ħ''
#''*ʁ''
#''*ʁ''
#*> ''*ʕ'' except...
#*> ''*ʕ'' except...
#*> ''*w'' / _C[+voiced] or _V[+close]
#*> ''*w'' / _C[+voiced] or _V[+close]
#Themsaran rhotacization: ''*z'' > ''*r'' / V_C[-semivowel, +voiced, ~{/z/}]
#''Themsaran rhotacization:'' ''*z'' > ''*r'' / V_C[-semivowel, +voiced, ~{/z/}]
#coronal obstruent + sibilant<sub>i</sub> > sibilant<sub>i</sub>sibilant<sub>i</sub>
#coronal obstruent + sibilant<sub>i</sub> > sibilant<sub>i</sub>sibilant<sub>i</sub>
#''*oi *ui'' > ''*ȳ''
#''*oi *ui'' > ''*ȳ''
Line 138: Line 138:
#CC[-resonant]C > CiC[-resonant]C
#CC[-resonant]C > CiC[-resonant]C
#''*ıy[ː]'' > ''i[ː]''
#''*ıy[ː]'' > ''i[ː]''
#''Verbal tone patterns are established''
#''*w'' > ''*v''
#''*w'' > ''*v''
#''*ʕ'' > ''*ħ''
#''*ʕ'' > ''*ħ''

Revision as of 04:38, 2 April 2014

Proto-Talsmic phonology

Consonant inventory

Proto-Talsmic reconstructed consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal *m *n
Plosive voiceless *p *t *c *k *q *ʔ
voiced *b *d *ɟ *g
aspirated *pʰ *tʰ *cʰ *kʰ *qʰ
Fricative voiceless *s *ç *h
voiced *z *ƶ *ʁ
Approximant *w *j
Trill *r
Lateral app. *l

/qʰ/ may have been realized as an affricate, [qχ].

Vocalic inventory

Front Central Back
Close *i *ī *u *ū
Mid *e *ē *o *ō
Open *a *ā

Sound changes

  1. *qχ > *χ
  2. *ʔ=ʔ > *ʔ
  3. *nr > *ndr, *lr > *ldr
  4. *mʔ, *nʔ, *lʔ, *rʔ > *mp, *nt, *lt, *rt; *mh, *nh, *lh, *rh > *mɸ, *nθ, *lθ, *rθ
  5. *kʰ *cʰ *tʰ *pʰ (in order?) > *x *ç *θ *ɸ
  6. Pronominal grammaticalization begins
  7. *c > *ŧ
  8. *ç *ƶ
    • > *θ *ð
    • > *ɸ _C[+coronal +plosive/affricate]
  9. *k > *x / _{d, t, ŧ}
  10. *tk, *ck *tkʰ/kʰ > cht, chŧ, cth
  11. Tonogenesis event: *=ʔ > word-final tonic syllable
  12. *q *χ > *ʡ *ħ
  13. *ʁ
    • > *ʕ except...
    • > *w / _C[+voiced] or _V[+close]
  14. Themsaran rhotacization: *z > *r / V_C[-semivowel, +voiced, ~{/z/}]
  15. coronal obstruent + sibilanti > sibilantisibilanti
  16. *oi *ui > *ȳ
  17. *u > *y / C_#
  18. *CC[+resonant]{C, #} > *CyC[+resonant]{C, #}
    • Cyı{C, #} > Ci{C, #}
  19. CC[-resonant]C > CiC[-resonant]C
  20. *ıy[ː] > i[ː]
  21. Verbal tone patterns are established
  22. *w > *v
  23. *ʕ > *ħ
  24. *h > [ː~] / _C[+fricative]
  25. *ʔ
    • > [ː~] / _C
    • > 0 / otherwise
  26. *ʡ
    • > ħ / _{*t, *ŧ}
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