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Hazaj meter:
Hazaj meter:
''Tygůň šatlej řy-čaňňewěr,''
''Tygůň šatlej řy-čaňňewěr,''
''Kădob pehlať ă-wahmawěr,''
''Kadob pehlať a-wahmawěr,''
''ăle'ad tu pă-nojjanneň,''
''ale'ad tu pa-nojjanneň,''
''Hypyre đůj wyto šotneň.''
''Hypyre đůj wyto šotneň.''


Shakhar Avakeshkha:
Shakhar Avakeshkha:
''Takuň pyčie takuň''
''Takuň pyčie takuň''
''Pařuj pălenůk hoj,''
''Pařuj palenůk hoj,''
''Eki šăkow leťiň''
''Eki šakow leťiň''
''Absan tăpien lahoj.''
''Absan tapien lahoj.''


Yigdal meter:
Yigdal meter:
''Peslaň mygeptak ďah mynej we'ůx,''
''Peslaň mygeptak ďah mynej we'ůx,''
''Mirěť čăpa koriň ă-ruze'ůx.''
''Mirěť čapa koriň a-ruze'ůx.''
''Dolper ăniw nelieň tăja tožie,''
''Dolper aniw nelieň taja tožie,''
''Bon niem să pakawiň lyňa pežie.''
''Bon niem sa pakawiň lyňa pežie.''
</poem>
</poem>


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Less conservative; vowels in stressed syllables are lengthened, unstressed vowels reduced when historically short
Less conservative; vowels in stressed syllables are lengthened, unstressed vowels reduced when historically short


a e i o ě ů u ie ă y /a e i o eă oă~u ʏ~ø ɪ ă ɨ~ɪ/
a e i o ě ů u ie a y /a e i o ea oa~u ʏ~ø ɪ a ɨ~ɪ/


Russian/Hebrew style alternation between pretonic a and propretonic ă
Russian/Hebrew style alternation between pretonic a and propretonic a


Diachronics:
Diachronics:
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In stressed syllables: a e i u ā ē ī ū > a ea e o oa ie i y usually.
In stressed syllables: a e i u ā ē ī ū > a ea e o oa ie i y usually.


In pretonic syllables: a o i e > a a e e; in propretonic syllables: a o i e > ă ă y y
In pretonic syllables: a o i e > a a e e; in propretonic syllables: a o i e > a a y y


===Stress===
===Stress===
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cluster consonants can be arbitrary as long as voice assimilated
cluster consonants can be arbitrary as long as voice assimilated


Possible vowel final vowels: /ɪ, e, a, eă, oă, i, ɨ/ (cf TibH /ɔ, ɛ, e, o, i, u/)
Possible vowel final vowels: /ɪ, e, a, ea, oa, i, ɨ/ (cf TibH /ɔ, ɛ, e, o, i, u/)


===Vowel reduction===
===Vowel reduction===
Pretonic to propretonic: (Most commonly occuring type) a > ă, e > y.
Pretonic to propretonic: (Most commonly occuring type) a > a, e > y.


Tonic to pretonic: *a, *o > a; *e > e; *i > y
Tonic to pretonic: *a, *o > a; *e > e; *i > y
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===Pronominal markers===
===Pronominal markers===
Netagin has five series of personal markers:
Netagin has five series of personal markers:
*Independent personal pronouns, serving as subject pronouns in independent clauses (corresponding to Lushootseed ''čăd''-words)
*Independent personal pronouns, serving as subject pronouns in independent clauses (corresponding to Lushootseed ''čad''-words)
*Emphatic personal pronouns: used for emphasis, and for calling someone with a 2nd person pronoun (corresponding to Lushootseed ''ʔăca''-words)
*Emphatic personal pronouns: used for emphasis, and for calling someone with a 2nd person pronoun (corresponding to Lushootseed ''ʔaca''-words)
*Alienable prefixes
*Alienable prefixes
*Inalienable/preposition/conjunction suffixes
*Inalienable/preposition/conjunction suffixes
Line 132: Line 132:
|-
|-
! Emphatic
! Emphatic
| ''ăli'' || ''ădů'' || ''ădůš'' || ''enpa'' || ''espa'' || ''ynťů'' || ''ynťieb'' || ''yndi'' || ''evpa''
| ''ali'' || ''adů'' || ''adůš'' || ''enpa'' || ''espa'' || ''ynťů'' || ''ynťieb'' || ''yndi'' || ''evpa''
|-
|-
! Alienable
! Alienable
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!
!
! colspan=2| ''lyt'' (m.) = man
! colspan=2| ''lyt'' (m.) = man
! colspan=2| ''ďăšatle'' (f.) = sparrow
! colspan=2| ''ďašatle'' (f.) = sparrow
|-
|-
!
!
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|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''lyt'' ||''lytů''
|''lyt'' ||''lytů''
|''ďăšatle'' ||''ďăšatla''
|''ďašatle'' ||''ďašatla''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''lyto'' ||''lytůx''
|''lyto'' ||''lytůx''
|''ďăšatlěn'' ||''ďăšatlěx''
|''ďašatlěn'' ||''ďašatlěx''
|}
|}


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|-
|-
! 1
! 1
| ''1å2a3'' || ''-i12a3'' || ''1ö2e3'' || ''1e2o3'' || ''1å2e3'', ''1ă2i3''
| ''1å2a3'' || ''-i12a3'' || ''1ö2e3'' || ''1e2o3'' || ''1å2e3'', ''1a2i3''
|-
|-
! 2
! 2
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|-
|-
! 4
! 4
| ''ʔa1å2e3'' || ''-ă1e2u3'' || ''ba12a3'' || ''þa12å3'' || ''ʔa12a3ö''
| ''ʔa1å2e3'' || ''-a1e2u3'' || ''ba12a3'' || ''þa12å3'' || ''ʔa12a3ö''
|-
|-
! 5
! 5
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|-
|-
! 7
! 7
| ''ʔiþþă1å2o3'' || ''-uþþă1å2e3'' || ''buþþă1å2o3'' || ''þuþþă1å2o3'' || ''þiþþă1å2ī3''
| ''ʔiþþa1å2o3'' || ''-uþþa1å2e3'' || ''buþþa1å2o3'' || ''þuþþa1å2o3'' || ''þiþþa1å2ī3''
|-
|-
! 8
! 8
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|-
|-
! 10
! 10
| ''1ă2å2a3'' || ''-i12å2o3'' || ''bu12å2o3'' || ''þu12å2o3'' || ''þu12å2e3''
| ''1a2å2a3'' || ''-i12å2o3'' || ''bu12å2o3'' || ''þu12å2o3'' || ''þu12å2e3''
|-
|-
! 11
! 11
| ''1ă2å2e3'' || ''-i12e2o3'' || ''bu12e2o3'' || ''þu12e2o3'' || ''þi12å2e3''
| ''1a2å2e3'' || ''-i12e2o3'' || ''bu12e2o3'' || ''þu12e2o3'' || ''þi12å2e3''
|-
|-
! 12
! 12

Revision as of 04:04, 3 November 2020

In the Unbegotten timeline, Netagin is a classical language of Edna's conworld, belonging to the Idavic language family. Netagin has influenced many other languages such as Ouřefr and Shalaian. Netagin is intended to be optimized for writing piyyutim: like Hebrew, Netagin has final stress and stressed suffixes, so that it is natural to rhyme by having the last syllables the same like in Jewish piyyutim.

It's inspired by Hebrew, Old English, Welsh, Czech, and Windermere.

Gibberish

Hazaj meter:
Tygůň šatlej řy-čaňňewěr,
Kadob pehlať a-wahmawěr,
ale'ad tu pa-nojjanneň,
Hypyre đůj wyto šotneň.

Shakhar Avakeshkha:
Takuň pyčie takuň
Pařuj palenůk hoj,
Eki šakow leťiň
Absan tapien lahoj.

Yigdal meter:
Peslaň mygeptak ďah mynej we'ůx,
Mirěť čapa koriň a-ruze'ůx.
Dolper aniw nelieň taja tožie,
Bon niem sa pakawiň lyňa pežie.

Phonology

Consonants

Conservative within its family

Labial Alveolar Palatal(ized) Velar
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ň /ɲ/
Plosive p /p/ b /b/ t /t/ d /d/ ť /c/ ď /ɟ/ k /k/ g /g/
Fricative s /s/ z /z/ š /ʃ/ ž /ʒ/ x /x/ h /ɣ/
Affricate c /ts/ č /tʃ/ đ /dʒ/
Flap r /ɾ/
Trill ř /r̥/
Approximant w /v/ l /l~ɫ/ j /j/

Vowels

Less conservative; vowels in stressed syllables are lengthened, unstressed vowels reduced when historically short

a e i o ě ů u ie a y /a e i o ea oa~u ʏ~ø ɪ a ɨ~ɪ/

Russian/Hebrew style alternation between pretonic a and propretonic a

Diachronics:

In stressed syllables: a e i u ā ē ī ū > a ea e o oa ie i y usually.

In pretonic syllables: a o i e > a a e e; in propretonic syllables: a o i e > a a y y

Stress

Usually final, some penultimately-stressed "segolates" CVCVC or CVCCV

Penult long vowels + every other stress gives the language a distinctive "Scotch snap" rhythm.

Phonotactics

no initial clusters, max cluster length 2

cluster consonants can be arbitrary as long as voice assimilated

Possible vowel final vowels: /ɪ, e, a, ea, oa, i, ɨ/ (cf TibH /ɔ, ɛ, e, o, i, u/)

Vowel reduction

Pretonic to propretonic: (Most commonly occuring type) a > a, e > y.

Tonic to pretonic: *a, *o > a; *e > e; *i > y

Morphology

Pronominal markers

Netagin has five series of personal markers:

  • Independent personal pronouns, serving as subject pronouns in independent clauses (corresponding to Lushootseed čad-words)
  • Emphatic personal pronouns: used for emphasis, and for calling someone with a 2nd person pronoun (corresponding to Lushootseed ʔaca-words)
  • Alienable prefixes
  • Inalienable/preposition/conjunction suffixes
  • Verb object affixes
1sg 2sg 3sg 1pl 2pl 3pl
m. f. m. f. exclusive inclusive
Independent xiel xied xieš en ě xoť xub xuď ěv
Emphatic ali adů adůš enpa espa ynťů ynťieb yndi evpa
Alienable l(e)- t(e)- est(e)- en-/em- es- ť(e)- n(e)- č(e)- ha-
Inalienable -al -ad -adie -í -as -ať -ab -ned -es
Verb object affixes -al -ad -adie -í -as -ať -ab -ned -es

Nouns and adjectives

Todo: neuter/nonbinary gender

Netagin has 2 genders (masculine, feminine) and two cases (nominative, genitive); the feminine gender evolved from the Proto-Idavic abstract/honorific gender.

Netagin case affixes are regular:

lyt (m.) = man ďašatle (f.) = sparrow
singular plural singular plural
Nominative lyt lytů ďašatle ďašatla
Genitive lyto lytůx ďašatlěn ďašatlěx
Declension of -in words: Arbecin (of the city Arbec)
masculine feminine
singular plural singular plural
Nominative Arbecin Arbecjů Arbecie Arbecja
Genitive Arbecjo Arbecjůx Arbecien Arbeciex

In a genitive or prepositional phrase, only the last noun takes the genitive; the genitive thus functions more like an "end of noun phrase marker".

Stem changes in the genitive and plural can get pretty bad

Possessive affixes

ne, sg.f. ně = Lushootseed ti, tsi

pa, sg.f. pů = Lushootseed kʷi, kʷsi

Verbs

some binyanim should do Lushootseed style triggers

Binyan Imperfective Perfective Active
Participle		 Passive
Participle		 Verbnoun
1 1å2a3 -i12a3 1ö2e3 1e2o3 1å2e3, 1a2i3
2 1a2ö3 -a12u3 1å2i3 1å2u3 1å2å3
3 ʔa12i13 -å12e3 bi11u2å3 þi11u2å3 ʔa12o3
4 ʔa1å2e3 -a1e2u3 ba12a3 þa12å3 ʔa12a3ö
5 þa12u3 -uþ1å2e3 buþ1å2o3 þuþ1å2o3 þa12ö3ö
6 ʔi1:å2a3 -u1:e2o3 bu1:e2o3 þu1:e2o3 ʔu1:å2e3
7 ʔiþþa1å2o3 -uþþa1å2e3 buþþa1å2o3 þuþþa1å2o3 þiþþa1å2ī3
8 ʔi21å2e3 -i21e2o3 bu21å2o3 þu21å2o3 ʔu21å2e3
9 1as2o3 -u1is2o3 bu1as2o3 þu1as2o3 þu1as2e3
10 1a2å2a3 -i12å2o3 bu12å2o3 þu12å2o3 þu12å2e3
11 1a2å2e3 -i12e2o3 bu12e2o3 þu12e2o3 þi12å2e3
12 1i31a2o3 -i1i31e2o3 bu1i31å2o3 þu1i31å2o3 1i31å2e3

Syntax

Borrow from Lushootseed syntax: predicate first

Sample texts

A hymn

A vegan war song

(Ye who contend for sentient-justice)

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