Ilithian/Prakrit: Difference between revisions
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|align="right"|'''Nominative''' | |align="right"|'''Nominative''' | ||
|''ageň'' ||''agňé'' | |''ageň'' ||''agňé'' | ||
|''mať'' ||'' | |''mať'' ||''maťach'' | ||
|''mař'' || ''maří'' | |''mař'' || ''maří'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Genitive''' | |align="right"|'''Genitive''' | ||
|''agňéš'' ||''agňou'' | |''agňéš'' ||''agňou'' | ||
|'' | |''maťéch'' ||''maťou'' | ||
|''mařéš'' ||''mařou'' | |''mařéš'' ||''mařou'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 90: | Line 90: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Accusative''' | |align="right"|'''Accusative''' | ||
|''agni'' ||'' | |''agni'' ||''agních'' | ||
|''mati'' || '' | |''mati'' || ''maťach'' | ||
|''mař'' ||''maří'' | |''mař'' ||''maří'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Ablative''' | |align="right"|'''Ablative''' | ||
|'' | |''agňéch'' ||''agňebh'' | ||
|'' | |''maťéch'' ||''maťebh'' | ||
|'' | |''mařéch'' ||''mařebh'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | |align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | ||
|''agni'' ||'' | |''agni'' ||''agňéch'' | ||
|''matijá'' ||''maťábhi'' | |''matijá'' ||''maťábhi'' | ||
|''maři'' || '' | |''maři'' || ''mařéch'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right" |'''Locative''' | |align="right" |'''Locative''' | ||
|''agňí | |''agňí'' ||''agníš'' | ||
|''maťí | |''maťí'' ||''matíš'' | ||
|''maří | |''maří'' ||''maříš'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right" |'''Vocative''' | |align="right" |'''Vocative''' | ||
|''agňe!'' ||''agňé!'' | |''agňe!'' ||''agňé!'' | ||
|''maťi!'' ||'' | |''maťi!'' ||''maťach!'' | ||
|''maře!'' ||''maří!'' | |''maře!'' ||''maří!'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 17:04, 19 April 2021
Early Prakrit
Nouns
o-stems
| vrk (m.) = wolf | loušná (f.) = moon, month | oušta (n.) = mouth | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| Nominative | vrk | vrký | loušná | loušnaḥ | oušta | ouštá |
| Genitive | vrkaš | vrkou | loušnaḥ | loušnou | ouštaš | ouštou |
| Dative | vrkej | vrkabh | loušnej | loušnábh | ouštej | ouštabh |
| Accusative | vrka | vrkouḥ | loušnou | loušnaḥ | oušta | ouštá |
| Ablative | vrkáḥ | vrkabh | loušnáḥ | loušnábh | ouštáḥ | ouštabh |
| Instrumental | vrky | vrkýḥ | loušny | loušnýḥ | oušty | ouštýḥ |
| Locative | vrci | vrkýš | loušný | loušnáš | oušti | ouštýš |
| Vocative | vrče! | vrký! | loušna! | loušnáḥ! | oušte! | ouštá! |
i-stems
| ageň (m.) = fire | mať (f.) = thought | mař (n.) = sea | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| Nominative | ageň | agňé | mať | maťach | mař | maří |
| Genitive | agňéš | agňou | maťéch | maťou | mařéš | mařou |
| Dative | agňej | agňebh | maťáj | maťebh | mařej | mařebh |
| Accusative | agni | agních | mati | maťach | mař | maří |
| Ablative | agňéch | agňebh | maťéch | maťebh | mařéch | mařebh |
| Instrumental | agni | agňéch | matijá | maťábhi | maři | mařéch |
| Locative | agňí | agníš | maťí | matíš | maří | maříš |
| Vocative | agňe! | agňé! | maťi! | maťach! | maře! | maří! |
Feminines in -í
| patní (f.) = wife | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| Nominative | patní | patnijé | patníḥ |
| Genitive | patníḥ | patnijou | patnijou |
| Dative | patní | patníbha | patníbh |
| Accusative | patní | patnijé | patníḥ |
| Ablative | patníḥ | patníbha | patníbh |
| Instrumental | patnijá | patníbha | patníbhi |
| Locative | patnijé | patnijou | patníš |
| Vocative | patní! | patnijé! | patníḥ! |
u-stems
| výju (m.) = wind | žouštú (f.) = meat | medhu (n.) = honey | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| Nominative | výju | výjavé | žouštú | žouštavaḥ | medhu | medhú |
| Genitive | výjouš | výjavou | žouštouḥ | žouštavou | medhouš | medhavou |
| Dative | výjavej | výjubh | žouštaváj | žouštubh | medhavej | medhubh |
| Accusative | výjú | výjúḥ | žouštú | žouštúḥ | medhu | medhú |
| Ablative | výjouḥ | výjubh | žouštouḥ | žouštubh | medhouḥ | medhubh |
| Instrumental | výji | výjubhi | žouštujá | žouštubhi | medhy | medhubhi |
| Locative | výjáu | výjúš | žouštáu | žouštúš | medháu | medhúš |
| Vocative | výjou! | výjavé! | žouštou! | žoustavaḥ! | medhou! | medhú! |
n-stems
| žmů (m.) = human | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | žmů | žmený |
| Genitive | žmenaš | žmenou |
| Dative | žmenej | žmenabh |
| Accusative | žmena | žmenaḥ |
| Ablative | žmenáḥ | žmenabh |
| Instrumental | žmeny | žmenýḥ |
| Locative | žmeni | žmenýš |
| Vocative | žmů! | žmený! |
ma-stems
-ma nouns regularize to -mena nouns (cf. Czech)
| vlamena (n.) = name | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| Nominative | vlamena | vlamená | |
| Genitive | vlamenaš | vlamenou | |
| Dative | vlamenej | vlamenabh | |
| Accusative | vlamena | vlamená | |
| Ablative | vlamenáḥ | vlamenabh | |
| Instrumental | vlameny | vlamenýḥ | |
| Locative | vlamený | vlamenýš | |
| Vocative | vlamena! | vlamená! | |
s-stems
nebh regularizes to nebhesa
Other athematics
Other athematics usually become of the regular o-stems or the i-stems, depending on the final consonant. For example, vrýž 'king' (from *h₃rḗǵs) declines as a regular i-stem masculine noun.
-ýr nouns
TODO: Family members patýr, mátýr, bhrátýr, svesýr, sún, duhatýr
| patýr (m.) = father | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | patýr | paterý |
| Genitive | patreš | patrou |
| Dative | patrej | patrbh |
| Accusative | patra | patŕḥ |
| Ablative | patréḥ | patrbh |
| Instrumental | patry | patrbhi |
| Locative | patrý | patrš |
| Vocative | patre! | paterý! |
Copula
Present
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | jesmi, jsmi | jesme, jsme |
| 2nd | jesi, jsi | jeste, jste |
| 3rd | (zero) | (zero) |
Late Prakrit
Veering towards topic prominent grammar
Copula
Present
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | =(e)hem | =(e)hme |
| 2nd | =(e)si | =(e)ste |
| 3rd | (zero) | (zero) |