Ilithian/Prakrit: Difference between revisions
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m (→i-stems) |
m (→Nouns) |
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|align="right"|'''Nominative''' | |align="right"|'''Nominative''' | ||
|''vrk''||''vrký'' | |''vrk''||''vrký'' | ||
|''loušná''||'' | |''loušná''||''loušnach'' | ||
|''oušta'' || ''ouštá'' | |''oušta'' || ''ouštá'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Genitive''' | |align="right"|'''Genitive''' | ||
|''vrkaš'' ||''vrkou'' | |''vrkaš'' ||''vrkou'' | ||
|'' | |''loušnach'' ||''loušnou'' | ||
|''ouštaš'' ||''ouštou'' | |''ouštaš'' ||''ouštou'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Accusative''' | |align="right"|'''Accusative''' | ||
|''vrka'' ||'' | |''vrka'' ||''vrkouch'' | ||
|''loušnou'' ||'' | |''loušnou'' ||''loušnach'' | ||
|''oušta'' ||''ouštá'' | |''oušta'' ||''ouštá'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Ablative''' | |align="right"|'''Ablative''' | ||
|'' | |''vrkách'' ||''vrkabh'' | ||
|'' | |''loušnách'' ||''loušnábh'' | ||
|'' | |''ouštách'' ||''ouštabh'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | |align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | ||
|''vrky'' ||'' | |''vrky'' ||''vrkých'' | ||
|''loušny'' ||'' | |''loušny'' ||''loušných'' | ||
|''oušty'' ||'' | |''oušty'' ||''ouštých'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right" |'''Locative''' | |align="right" |'''Locative''' | ||
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|align="right" |'''Vocative''' | |align="right" |'''Vocative''' | ||
|''vrče!'' ||''vrký!'' | |''vrče!'' ||''vrký!'' | ||
|''loušna!'' ||'' | |''loušna!'' ||''loušnách!'' | ||
|''oušte!'' ||''ouštá!'' | |''oušte!'' ||''ouštá!'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Nominative''' | |align="right"|'''Nominative''' | ||
|''patní'' ||''patnijé''||'' | |''patní'' ||''patnijé''||''patních'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Genitive''' | |align="right"|'''Genitive''' | ||
|'' | |''patních'' || ''patnijou'' ||''patnijou'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right" |'''Dative''' | |align="right" |'''Dative''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Accusative''' | |align="right"|'''Accusative''' | ||
|''patní'' || ''patnijé'' ||'' | |''patní'' || ''patnijé'' ||''patních'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Ablative''' | |align="right"|'''Ablative''' | ||
|'' | |''patních'' || ''patníbha'' ||''patníbh'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | |align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|align="right" |'''Vocative''' | |align="right" |'''Vocative''' | ||
|''patní!'' || ''patnijé!'' ||'' | |''patní!'' || ''patnijé!'' ||''patních!'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|align="right"|'''Nominative''' | |align="right"|'''Nominative''' | ||
|''výju'' ||''výjavé'' | |''výju'' ||''výjavé'' | ||
|''žouštú'' ||'' | |''žouštú'' ||''žouštavach'' | ||
|''medhu'' || ''medhú'' | |''medhu'' || ''medhú'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Genitive''' | |align="right"|'''Genitive''' | ||
|''výjouš'' ||''výjavou'' | |''výjouš'' ||''výjavou'' | ||
|'' | |''žouštouch'' ||''žouštavou'' | ||
|''medhouš'' ||''medhavou'' | |''medhouš'' ||''medhavou'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Accusative''' | |align="right"|'''Accusative''' | ||
|''výjú'' ||'' | |''výjú'' ||''výjúch'' | ||
|''žouštú'' ||'' | |''žouštú'' ||''žouštúch'' | ||
|''medhu'' ||''medhú'' | |''medhu'' ||''medhú'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Ablative''' | |align="right"|'''Ablative''' | ||
|'' | |''výjouch'' ||''výjubh'' | ||
|'' | |''žouštouch'' ||''žouštubh'' | ||
|'' | |''medhouch''||''medhubh'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | |align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | ||
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|align="right" |'''Vocative''' | |align="right" |'''Vocative''' | ||
|''výjou!'' ||''výjavé!'' | |''výjou!'' ||''výjavé!'' | ||
|''žouštou!'' ||'' | |''žouštou!'' ||''žoustavach!'' | ||
|''medhou!'' ||''medhú!'' | |''medhou!'' ||''medhú!'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Accusative''' | |align="right"|'''Accusative''' | ||
|''žmena'' ||'' | |''žmena'' ||''žmenach'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Ablative''' | |align="right"|'''Ablative''' | ||
|'' | |''žmenách'' ||''žmenabh'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | |align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | ||
|''žmeny'' ||'' | |''žmeny'' ||''žmených'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right" |'''Locative''' | |align="right" |'''Locative''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Ablative''' | |align="right"|'''Ablative''' | ||
|'' | |''vlamenách'' ||''vlamenabh'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | |align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | ||
|''vlameny'' ||'' | |''vlameny'' ||''vlamených'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right" |'''Locative''' | |align="right" |'''Locative''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Accusative''' | |align="right"|'''Accusative''' | ||
|''patra'' ||'' | |''patra'' ||''patŕch'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Ablative''' | |align="right"|'''Ablative''' | ||
|'' | |''patréch'' ||''patrbh'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | |align="right"|'''Instrumental''' |
Revision as of 17:04, 19 April 2021
Early Prakrit
Nouns
o-stems
vrk (m.) = wolf | loušná (f.) = moon, month | oušta (n.) = mouth | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
Nominative | vrk | vrký | loušná | loušnach | oušta | ouštá |
Genitive | vrkaš | vrkou | loušnach | loušnou | ouštaš | ouštou |
Dative | vrkej | vrkabh | loušnej | loušnábh | ouštej | ouštabh |
Accusative | vrka | vrkouch | loušnou | loušnach | oušta | ouštá |
Ablative | vrkách | vrkabh | loušnách | loušnábh | ouštách | ouštabh |
Instrumental | vrky | vrkých | loušny | loušných | oušty | ouštých |
Locative | vrci | vrkýš | loušný | loušnáš | oušti | ouštýš |
Vocative | vrče! | vrký! | loušna! | loušnách! | oušte! | ouštá! |
i-stems
ageň (m.) = fire | mať (f.) = thought | mař (n.) = sea | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
Nominative | ageň | agňé | mať | maťach | mař | maří |
Genitive | agňéš | agňou | maťéch | maťou | mařéš | mařou |
Dative | agňej | agňebh | maťáj | maťebh | mařej | mařebh |
Accusative | agni | agních | mati | maťach | mař | maří |
Ablative | agňéch | agňebh | maťéch | maťebh | mařéch | mařebh |
Instrumental | agni | agňéch | matijá | maťábhi | maři | mařéch |
Locative | agňí | agníš | maťí | matíš | maří | maříš |
Vocative | agňe! | agňé! | maťi! | maťach! | maře! | maří! |
Feminines in -í
patní (f.) = wife | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | |
Nominative | patní | patnijé | patních |
Genitive | patních | patnijou | patnijou |
Dative | patní | patníbha | patníbh |
Accusative | patní | patnijé | patních |
Ablative | patních | patníbha | patníbh |
Instrumental | patnijá | patníbha | patníbhi |
Locative | patnijé | patnijou | patníš |
Vocative | patní! | patnijé! | patních! |
u-stems
výju (m.) = wind | žouštú (f.) = meat | medhu (n.) = honey | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
Nominative | výju | výjavé | žouštú | žouštavach | medhu | medhú |
Genitive | výjouš | výjavou | žouštouch | žouštavou | medhouš | medhavou |
Dative | výjavej | výjubh | žouštaváj | žouštubh | medhavej | medhubh |
Accusative | výjú | výjúch | žouštú | žouštúch | medhu | medhú |
Ablative | výjouch | výjubh | žouštouch | žouštubh | medhouch | medhubh |
Instrumental | výji | výjubhi | žouštujá | žouštubhi | medhy | medhubhi |
Locative | výjáu | výjúš | žouštáu | žouštúš | medháu | medhúš |
Vocative | výjou! | výjavé! | žouštou! | žoustavach! | medhou! | medhú! |
n-stems
žmů (m.) = human | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
Nominative | žmů | žmený |
Genitive | žmenaš | žmenou |
Dative | žmenej | žmenabh |
Accusative | žmena | žmenach |
Ablative | žmenách | žmenabh |
Instrumental | žmeny | žmených |
Locative | žmeni | žmenýš |
Vocative | žmů! | žmený! |
ma-stems
-ma nouns regularize to -mena nouns (cf. Czech)
vlamena (n.) = name | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
Nominative | vlamena | vlamená | |
Genitive | vlamenaš | vlamenou | |
Dative | vlamenej | vlamenabh | |
Accusative | vlamena | vlamená | |
Ablative | vlamenách | vlamenabh | |
Instrumental | vlameny | vlamených | |
Locative | vlamený | vlamenýš | |
Vocative | vlamena! | vlamená! |
s-stems
nebh regularizes to nebhesa
Other athematics
Other athematics usually become of the regular o-stems or the i-stems, depending on the final consonant. For example, vrýž 'king' (from *h₃rḗǵs) declines as a regular i-stem masculine noun.
-ýr nouns
TODO: Family members patýr, mátýr, bhrátýr, svesýr, sún, duhatýr
patýr (m.) = father | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
Nominative | patýr | paterý |
Genitive | patreš | patrou |
Dative | patrej | patrbh |
Accusative | patra | patŕch |
Ablative | patréch | patrbh |
Instrumental | patry | patrbhi |
Locative | patrý | patrš |
Vocative | patre! | paterý! |
Copula
Present
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
1st | jesmi, jsmi | jesme, jsme |
2nd | jesi, jsi | jeste, jste |
3rd | (zero) | (zero) |
Late Prakrit
Veering towards topic prominent grammar
Copula
Present
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
1st | =(e)hem | =(e)hme |
2nd | =(e)si | =(e)ste |
3rd | (zero) | (zero) |