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Ín Duári: Difference between revisions
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Ín Duári is divided into several dialects or ''væhir'', with various degrees of mutually intelligibility. The Brægyn dialect has historically been the dominant dialect, however an unofficial lingua franca based on the Enoţin dialect has recently spread as its speaker base has been least affected by the diaspora resulting from Wolf Speaker expansion. The Viránt Gæţwin dialect, although considered a minor dialect among native speakers today, is found in most linguistic literature as it is the most conservative of all the surviving dialects and is found in most native literary works and prevails in oral tradition; it is considered as the prestige dialect for these reasons and is the dialect described in this article. | Ín Duári is divided into several dialects or ''væhir'', with various degrees of mutually intelligibility. The Brægyn dialect has historically been the dominant dialect, however an unofficial lingua franca based on the Enoţin dialect has recently spread as its speaker base has been least affected by the diaspora resulting from Wolf Speaker expansion. The Viránt Gæţwin dialect, although considered a minor dialect among native speakers today, is found in most linguistic literature as it is the most conservative of all the surviving dialects and is found in most native literary works and prevails in oral tradition; it is considered as the prestige dialect for these reasons and is the dialect described in this article. | ||
The Anzi dialect is currently experiencing an interesting split between older and younger speakers. The subdialects emerging from this split, the Old Speech and the Young Speech, show increasing morphological complexity and phonological mergers among the speakers of the latter subdialect. The Old Speech is more conservative and thus retains a degree of mutual intelligibility with the other dialects, | The Anzi dialect is currently experiencing an interesting split between older and younger speakers. The subdialects emerging from this split, the Old Speech and the Young Speech, show increasing morphological complexity and phonological mergers among the speakers of the latter subdialect. The Old Speech is more conservative and thus retains a degree of mutual intelligibility with the other dialects, whil the innovations in the Young Speech has rendered it unintelligible to the other dialects. For this reason, many linguists, particularly Drs. Iyyaħmi and Naħkuy of the University of Minhay at Aškuan, argue for classifying the Young Speech as a separate language. | ||
It has been argued that the Young Speech is polysynthetic, particularly by Dr. R.M Adams of the University of Tennessee. Indeed, there are certain characteristics that the Young Speech displays considered essential in canonical polysynthetic languages: | |||
#Productive holophrasis occurs alongside alternative analytic structures with the same meaning; the choice between holophrastic versus analytic expressions are driven by pragmatic and other discourse considerations | |||
#Head marking in the form of polypersonal agreement affixes has developed from the agglutination and fusion of once- independent pronouns; as a result, the Young Speech allows pro-drop in extended discourse; | |||
#Modal and manner affixes appear in the holophrastic verb, having developed respectively from reductions of what were once independent verbs in serialization constructions, and adverbs; | |||
#Verbs are polymorphemic. | |||
However, these characteristics, as argued by the majority of scholars specializing in comparative and theoretical linguists in polysynthetic languages, are not sufficient in classifying the Young Speech as polysynthetic. Most of these linguists, with a few exceptions, regard noun incorporation (as in the Iroquoian languages) or its counterpart, lexical verbal affixation (as in the Eskaleut languages) as an additional prerequisite for classifying a language as polysynthetic. The Young Speech displays neither noun incorporation or lexical verbal affixation, which disqualifies it from membership to the polysynthetic club. Moreover, the term "polymorphemic" as a defining feature of polysynthetic languages is problematic as this would include Turkish, Finnish, and German, three languages that are decidedly not polysynthetic, as several prominent members of the field, Drs. Iyyaħmi and Naħkuy included as well as Dr. N. Tashunka of the University of the Lakota Nation at Three Pipes, Dr. A. Francobaldi at the Sapienza University of Rome, and Dr. Jaeng Tae-Moon at the Department of Linguistics in Beijing Imperial University have mentioned. Nevertheless, the aforementioned linguists agree that the Young Speech, while not polysynthetic, shows incipient signs that it is developing in that direction. | |||
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