Nidâri: Difference between revisions

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The copula originates from two roots, ''ba-'' and ''biy-''. The root ''bi-'' is used to form the Future/Irrealis stem, whilst ''ba-'' forms the rest of the TAM stems. Both ''ba-'' and ''biy-'' are cognate with Ín Duári ''bean'', “to sit, be in a sitting position”

==== The Verb Phrase ====

The copula combines with a verbal noun, descended from the Proto-Duaric gerund, to form a compound noun. In Duaric linguistics, this verbal noun is still referred to as a gerund, as it also functions as nominalizers, adjectives, temporal nouns, among other functions.

In intransitive clauses, the gerund precedes the copula and any accompanying auxiliaries:

{{Gloss

|phrase = Birân bagdamin baštâq.

| IPA = /bi'rɒ:n bagda'min baʃ'taɣ/

| morphemes = birân bagda'mi baʃ'taɣ

| gloss = to.house running was

| translation = He ran home.

}}

{{Gloss

|phrase = Gabagdamin baštâq gureh birân.

| IPA = /gabagda'min baʃ'taɣ gu'rɛh bi'rɒ:n /

| morphemes = ga=bagdamin baštaq birân

| gloss = NEG=running was.not try to.house

| translation = He did not try to run home.

}}

In transitive clauses, the gerund precedes the object, which is inflected in the genitive case, followed by the copula:

{{Gloss

|phrase = Gatâqiv birânen baštâqešan gureh.

| IPA = /gatɒ'ɣiv birɒ'nɛn bagda'min baʃtaɣe'ʃan gu'rɛh/

| morphemes = ga=tâqiv birân-en baštâq-ešan gureh

| gloss = NEG=burning house-GEN was.not=CAUS try

| translation = He did not try to burn down the house.

}}

==Syntax==

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 The copula originates from two roots, ''ba-'' and ''biy-''.  The root ''bi-'' is used to form the Future/Irrealis stem, whilst ''ba-'' forms the rest of the TAM stems.  Both ''ba-'' and ''biy-'' are cognate with Ín Duári ''bean'', “to sit, be in a sitting position”
+==== The Verb Phrase ====
+The copula combines with a verbal noun, descended from the Proto-Duaric gerund, to form a compound noun.  In Duaric linguistics, this verbal noun is still referred to as a gerund, as it also functions as nominalizers, adjectives, temporal nouns, among other functions.
+In intransitive clauses, the gerund precedes the copula and any accompanying auxiliaries:
+{{Gloss
+|phrase = Birân bagdamin baštâq.
+| IPA = /bi'rɒ:n bagda'min baʃ'taɣ/
+| morphemes = birân bagda'mi baʃ'taɣ
+| gloss = to.house running was
+| translation = He ran home.
+}}
+{{Gloss
+|phrase = Gabagdamin baštâq gureh birân.
+| IPA = /gabagda'min baʃ'taɣ gu'rɛh bi'rɒ:n /
+| morphemes = ga=bagdamin baštaq birân
+| gloss = NEG=running was.not try to.house
+| translation = He did not try to run home.
+}}
+In transitive clauses, the gerund precedes the object, which is inflected in the genitive case, followed by the copula:
+{{Gloss
+|phrase = Gatâqiv birânen baštâqešan gureh.
+| IPA = /gatɒ'ɣiv birɒ'nɛn bagda'min baʃtaɣe'ʃan gu'rɛh/
+| morphemes = ga=tâqiv birân-en baštâq-ešan gureh
+| gloss = NEG=burning house-GEN was.not=CAUS try
+| translation = He did not try to burn down the house.
+}}
 ==Syntax==