Tarkandamonian: Difference between revisions

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|-
|-
! Ablative
! Ablative
| derin /dɾin/
| derin  
|  
|  
* derin bori /dɾin boɾ/
* derin bori /'dɛɾɪn boɾ/
* derin zuge /dɾin d͡ʒɪm/
* derin zuge /'dɛɾɪn d͡ʒɪm/
* derin ravarn /dɾin ɾa'van/
* derin ravarn /'dɛɾɪn ɾa'van/
|
|
* from the temple
* from the temple
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=== Verbs ===
=== Verbs ===
First person singular object paradigm with ''-maz'', "to teach", to lead".
Conjugation paradigms are arranged according to object agreement type, e.g. first person singular object, etc.  In the glosses below, the verb root appears in dark bold to show the complex placement and interposition of the verbal affixes, which combine to encode person, aspect, and tense:
==== First Person Singular Object ====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
|+
!
! rowspan="2" | Object Pronominal Affixes
! colspan="3" | Verbal Affixes
! rowspan="2" | Sample Texts with Gloss
|-
!
! Preverbal Affix
! Verbal Infix
! Postverbal Affix
|-
! Declarative Present
| style="text-align:center"|v-<br/>vi-
| style="text-align:center"| -
| style="text-align:center"|-ind-
| style="text-align:center"|-a
|
{{Gloss
|phrase = Aja vimindaza
| IPA =
| morphemes = aja vi-'''m'''-ind-'''az'''-a
| gloss = 2S.NOM 1S.ACC-teach-DECL-teach-DECL
| translation = You teach me, you are teaching me
}}
|-
! Perfective
| style="text-align:center"| v-
| style="text-align:center"| -arin-
| style="text-align:center"| -
| style="text-align:center"| -
|
{{Gloss
|phrase = Aja varinmaz
| IPA =
| morphemes = Aja v-ar-in-'''maz'''
| gloss = 2S.NOM 1S.OBJ-PRF-teach-GNOM
| translation = You taught me
}}
|-
! Imperfective
| style="text-align:center"|v-
| style="text-align:center"| -ank-
| style="text-align:center"| -ind-
| style="text-align:center"| -
|
|-
! Future
| style="text-align:center"|v-
| style="text-align:center"| -az-
| style="text-align:center"| -
| style="text-align:center"| -
|
|-
! Future Imperfective
| style="text-align:center"| v-
| style="text-align:center"| -ant-
| style="text-align:center"| -ind-
| style="text-align:center"| -a
|
|-
|}
==== Second Person Singular Object ====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
|+  
|+
!
! rowspan="2" | Object Pronominal Affixes
! colspan="3" | Verbal Affixes
! rowspan="2" | Sample Texts with Gloss
|-
!
! Preverbal Affix
! Verbal Infix
! Postverbal Affix
|-
! Declarative Present
| style="text-align:center"|ti-
| style="text-align:center"|-lum-
| style="text-align:center"|-ind-
| style="text-align:center"|-a
|
{{Gloss
|phrase = Va tilumzindaza
| IPA =
| morphemes =
| gloss =
| translation =
}}
|-
! Perfective
| style="text-align:center"| ti-
| style="text-align:center"| -lus-
| style="text-align:center"| -k-
| style="text-align:center"| -ta
|
{{Gloss
|phrase = Va tilusmikazta
| IPA =
| morphemes = va ti-lus-'''m'''-i-k-'''az'''-ta
| gloss = 1S.NOM 2S.ACC1-2S.PRS1-R1.teach-EPENTH-2S.ACC2-R2.teach-2S.GNOM
| translation = I taught you
}}
|-
! Imperfective
| style="text-align:center"| ti-
| style="text-align:center"| -lunk-
| style="text-align:center"| -
| style="text-align:center"| -
|
|-
! Future
| style="text-align:center"|v-
| style="text-align:center"| -az-
| style="text-align:center"| -
| style="text-align:center"| -
|
|-
! Future Imperfective
| style="text-align:center"| v-
| style="text-align:center"| -ant-
| style="text-align:center"| -ind-
| style="text-align:center"| -a
|
|-
|}
 
==== Third Person Singular Object ====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
|+
!
! rowspan="2" | Object Pronominal Affixes
! colspan="3" | Verbal Affixes
! rowspan="2" | Sample Texts with Gloss
|-
!
! Preverbal Affix
! Verbal Infix
! Postverbal Affix
|-
! Declarative Present
| style="text-align:center"|hi-
| style="text-align:center"|-non-<br/>-nom-
| style="text-align:center"|-ind-
| style="text-align:center"|-ará
|
{{Gloss
|phrase = Aja hinommindazará
| IPA =
| morphemes = aja hi-nom-'''m'''-ind-'''az'''-ará
| gloss = 2S.NOM 3S.PROX.ACC-DECL-teach-DECL-teach-DECL
| translation = You teach him, you are teaching him
}}
|-
! Perfective
| style="text-align:center"| h-
| style="text-align:center"| -arin-
| style="text-align:center"| -
| style="text-align:center"| -
|
{{Gloss
|phrase = Aja harinmaz
| IPA =
| morphemes = Aja h-ar-in-'''maz'''
| gloss = 2S.NOM 3S.OBV.OBJ-PRF-teach-GNOM
| translation = You taught him
}}
|-
! Imperfective
| style="text-align:center"|h-
| style="text-align:center"| -ank-
| style="text-align:center"| -ind-
| style="text-align:center"| -
|
|-
! Future
| style="text-align:center"|h-
| style="text-align:center"| -az-
| style="text-align:center"| -
| style="text-align:center"| -
|
|-
! Future Imperfective
| style="text-align:center"| h-
| style="text-align:center"| -ant-
| style="text-align:center"| -ind-
| style="text-align:center"| -a
|
|-
|}
 
 
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
|+
!
!colspan="9" | Object Pronominal Affixes
!rowspan="8" style="background-color:black;"|
!colspan="3" | Verbal Affixes
!rowspan="3" | Examples
|-
!
!
! colspan="4" |Singular
! colspan="4" |Singular
! rowspan="7" style="background-color:black;"|
! rowspan="7" style="background-color:black;"|
! colspan="4" |Plural
! colspan="4" |Plural
! rowspan="2" |Preverbal Affix
! rowspan="2" |Verbal Infix
! rowspan="2" |Postverbal Affix
|-
|-
!
!
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|-
|-
! Declarative Present
! Declarative Present
| style="text-align:center"|vi<span style="font-weight:bold; color:blue">maz</span>
| style="text-align:center"|v-<br/>vi-<br/>van(d)- <!-- 1s -->
| style="text-align:center"|t-<br/>ti-<br/>tan(d)- <!-- 2s -->
| style="text-align:center"|h-<br/>hi-<br/>hen(d)- <!-- 3s PROX -->
| style="text-align:center"|k(V)--s(V)- <!-- 3s DIST-->
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center"| n-<br/>nan(d)-
| style="text-align:center"| -
| style="text-align:center"|-ind-
| style="text-align:center"|-a
| Va hi'''m'''ind'''az'''a
* Root: ''maz'' "to learn"
* Translation: <br/> "I learn it, <br/> I am learning it"
<br/> Va ki'''m'''ind'''as'''sa
*Translation: I am learning that other thing
*Note: ''z'' of root ''maz'' assimilates to ''s'' (second part of the 3S.OBV object circumfix)
|-
|-
! Perfective
! Perfective
| style="text-align:center"|val<span style="font-weight:bold; color:blue">maz</span>
| style="text-align:center"|var-
| style="text-align:center"|tar-
| style="text-align:center"|har-
| style="text-align:center"|sar-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center"|nar-
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! Imperfective
! Imperfective
| style="text-align:center"|val<span style="font-weight:bold; color:blue">m</span>ar<span style="font-weight:bold; color:blue">az</span>
| style="text-align:center"|valan
| style="text-align:center"|atunla
| style="text-align:center"|lana
| style="text-align:center"|lasse
| style="text-align:center"|nalan
| style="text-align:center"|taluna
| style="text-align:center"|lan
| style="text-align:center"|lāse
|-
|-
! Future
! Future
| style="text-align:center"|vila<span style="font-weight:bold; color:blue">maz</span>
| style="text-align:center"|valak
| style="text-align:center"|atalla
| style="text-align:center"|lakan
| style="text-align:center"|lassar
| style="text-align:center"|nalak
| style="text-align:center"|tala
| style="text-align:center"|lakan
| style="text-align:center"|lāsar
|-
|-
! Future Imperfective
! Future Imperfective
| style="text-align:center"|vila<span style="font-weight:bold; color:blue">m</span>ar<span style="font-weight:bold; color:blue">az</span>
| style="text-align:center"|vala
| style="text-align:center"|ajaljal
| style="text-align:center"|ataltal
| style="text-align:center"|lana
| style="text-align:center"|lana
| style="text-align:center"|lassati
| style="text-align:center"|lassati
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