Ašča

Modern Attic (Ασκη γλασατι Ašča glasať /aʃtʃa glasac/ 'the Attic language' or Aščať 'the Attic one') is a Hellenic language aesthetically inspired by Slavic languages and Romani.

Todo

Ιατρέ, θεράπλευθι τσυχήσου Jatřè, ťheràpľuthi cičhàsu = Physician, heal thyself

Use a version of ruki (just "rui")

Homlia pi agapiať kie miesot. 'I speak of love and hate.'

Khierь! (2sg)/Khierieť! (2pl) = 'Hello!'

Jukharstia! = 'Thank you!'

Sioniamie = 'Sorry.'

Ar homlias in.../Ar homliať in... = 'Do you speak...'

Ukhomlia in atkat. = 'I don't speak Atkat.'

Agapawa sie. = 'I love you.'

Phonology (Φθογγολογια Phthongolodža)

Stress

Stress is free as in Modern Greek.

Intonation

Stolen from Russian

Morphology (Μορφολογια Morpholodža)

Different declensions from AG accent? -or < -òs, -0 < -os

Pronouns (Διαονυμε Žaonimie)

Personal (Προσαπκε διαονυμε Prosapče žaonimie)

case	1sg.	2sg.	3sg.		1pl.	2pl.	3pl.
			m.	f.			m.	f.
nom.	γα ga	συ si	κειν čin	κείνη čìnia	ξαμ šam	ξατι šať	κείνοι čìny	κείναι čine
gen.	μου mu	σου su	κείνου čìnu	κείνηι čìnie	ξαμώ šamò	ξατιώ šaťò	κείνω čìno	κείνω čìno
acc.	με mie	σε sie	τουτ tut	τούτη tùtia	ξάμοτ šàmot	ξάτετ šaťet	τούτοι tùty	τούται tùte

Nouns (Ουσιαστκοί Usiastký)

The definite suffixes come from a cliticized ἐκεῖνος 'that'.

Possessive suffixes are for the most part added directly to the noun. The resulting forms are implied to be definite.

• nom. sg.: μάχημου, μάχησου, μάχητου, μάχητει, μάχημω, μάχηξω, μάχητω màčhamu, màčhasu, màčhatu, màčhati, màčhamo, màčhašo, màčhato 'my war (nom), thy war (nom), ...'
• gen. sg.: màčhimu, màčhisu, etc.
• A -ρ -r on a stressed case ending is dropped, but turns to -σ -s before suffixes beginning with τ-. For example: ιατρόρ jatròr = a doctor; ιατρόμου jatròmu = my doctor; ιατρόστου jatròstu 'his doctor'.

Possession by nouns must be double-marked. The possessed noun must take the gender-appropriate possessive suffix. (This is a result of reanalysis of the older genitive definite article του, της, των between the noun and the possessor as a possessive affix.)

• ιατρόστου Ωάνιου jatròstu Waňu 'John's doctor'
• ιατρόστει Αγάθηι jatròsti Agàťhe 'Agatha's doctor'
• ιατρόστω αθλητώνω jatròsto athľatòno 'the athletes' doctor'

In case of third-from-last stress, the stress shifts to right before the possessive suffix when one is added:

• nom. sg.: ράλεγα ràľega 'throat' > ραλεγάμου raľegàmu 'my throat'

Feminine declension

μάχη màčha - war
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	μάχη màčha	μάχηνι màčhaň	μάχηι màčhe	μάχηιν màčhen
Genitive	μάχει màčhi	μάχεινηι màčhiňe	μάχιω màčho	μάχιωνω màčhono

τσυχή cičhà - self
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	τσυχή cičhà	τσυχήνι cičhàň	τσυχηί cičhè	τσυχηίν cičhèn
Genitive	τσυχήρ cičhàr	τσυχήνηι cičhàňe	τσυχιώ cičhò	τσυχιώνω cičhòno

γλασα glasa - language
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	γλάσα glàsa	γλάσανι glàsaň	γλάσαι glàse	γλασαιν glàsen
Genitive	γλάσοι glàsy	γλάσοινηι glàsyňe	γλάσω glàso	γλάσωνω glàsono

πολιτεία poľtìja - state (polity)
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	πολιτεία poľtìja	πολιτείανι poľtìjaň	πολιτείαι poľtìje	πολιτείαιν poľtìjen
Genitive	πολιτείοι poľtìji	πολιτείοινηι poľtìjiňe	πολιτείω poľtìjo	πολιτείωνω poľtìjono

τρυγα třiga - wing
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	τρυγα třìga	τρυγανι třìgaň	τρυγαι třìge	τρυγαιν třìgen
Genitive	τρυγοι třìgy	τρυγοινηι třìgyňe	τρυγω třìgo	τρυγωνω třìgono

Masculine o-declension

Ancient Greek neuters have merged into the masculine gender and most of them take the masculine o-declension.

Masculines that come from AG unaccented -ος or -ον nouns have a zero-marked nominative indefinite:

ώθραπ othrap - human
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	ώθραπ òthrap	ώθραπον òthrapon	ώθραποι òthrapy	ώθραποιν òthrapyn
Genitive	ωθράπου othràpu	ωθράπουνου othràpunu	ωθράπω othràpo	ωθράπωνω othràpono
Vocative	ώθραπε òthrapie		ώθραποι òthrapy

δαρ dar - gift
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	δαρ dar	δάρον dàron	δάροι dàry	δάροιν dàryn
Genitive	δάρου dàru	δάρουνου dàrunu	δάρω daro	δάρωνω dàrono
Vocative	δάρε dàře		δάροι dàry

-ορ nouns come from Ancient Greek -ός (accented) nouns.

ιατρόρ jatròr - doctor
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	ιατρόρ jatròr	ιατρόν jatròn	ιατροί jatrý	ιατροίν jatrýn
Genitive	ιατρού jatrù	ιατρούνου jatrùnu	ιατρώ jatrò	ιατρώνω jatròno
Vocative	ιατρέ jatřè		ιατροί jatrý

Nouns in -ο come from AG second declension -όν:

τσηνό cianò - bird
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	τσηνό cianò	τσηνόν cianòn	τσηνοί cianý	τσηνοίν cianýn
Genitive	τσηνού cianù	τσηνούνου cianùnu	τσηνώ cianò	τσηνώνω cianòno
Nominative	τσηνέ ciaňè		τσηνοί cianý

Masculine consonant declension

ωδρα odra - man
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	ώδρα òdra	ώδραν òdran	ώδορι òdoř	ώδρεν òdřen
Genitive	ώδορ òdor	ώδρονου òdronu	ώδρω òdro	ώδρωνω òdrono
Nominative	ώδρα òdra		ώδορι òdoř

Adjectives (Επιθητοι Jepthiaty)

1st/2nd declension (-os/-ē)

κοινόρ kynòr 'common'
	Singular		Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
Nominative	κοινόρ kynòr	κοινή kynià	κοινοί kyný	κοινηί kyniè
Genitive	κοινού kynù	κοινήρ kyniàr	κοινώ kynò	κοινώ kynò

άγον àgon 'infertile'
	Singular		Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
Nominative	àgon	àgonia	àgony	àgonie
Genitive	agònu	agòni	agòno	agòno

-i adjectives

(adjectives from AG -ēs/-ēs/-es)

αήθει ajàthi 'immoral'
	Singular	Plural
	Common	Common
Nominative	αήθει ajàthi	αήθει ajàthi
Genitive	αήθου ajàthu	αήθω ajàtho

-iàr adjectives

(adjectives from AG -ḗs/-ḗs/-ès)

ευγινήρ judžňàr 'polite'
	Singular	Plural
	Common	Common
Nominative	ευγινήρ judžňàr	ευγινείρ judžnìr
Genitive	ευγινού judžnù	ευγινώ judžnò

Prepositions (Προθηισηι Proťhesie)

• na (gen.) = dative
• in (gen.) = in
• pro (acc.) = towards (a place)

Verbs (Ρήματοι Řàmaty)

Verbs have a 2x2x2 active, passive x present, past x indicative, subjunctive structure. They have two principal parts: the present stem and the past stem. Many verbs take the suffix -k- in the past active tense, but some verbs do not.

Negative prefix: ου- u- (before a consonant other than h); ουκ- uk- or uč- (otherwise)

• παιδεύει pežùji = 3sg teaches; ουπαιδεύει upežùji = 3sg does not teach
• αγαπάει agapàji = 3sg loves; ουκαγαπάει ukagapàji = 3sg does not love
• εισάγει isàdži = it imports; ουκειάγει učisàdži = it does not import

Weak vowel verbs

Weak vowel-stem verbs are the most regular classes of verbs and have several subclasses:

1. -άναι -àne verbs (from -άειν contracting to -αν)
2. -είναι -ìne verbs (from -έειν contracting to -ειν)
3. -ùne verbs, with 2 subclasses:
   • -εύναι -jùne verbs (from -εύειν)
   • -ούναι -ùne verbs (from -όειν contracting to -ουν)

παιδεύναι pežùne 'to teach'

voice	tense	ga	si	ot/otia	šam	šať	oty/ote
active	present indicative	pežùwa	pežùjir	pežùji	pežùm	pežùť	pežùš
	present subjunctive	pežùjo	pežùjar	pežuja	pežujam	pežujať	pežujaš
	past indicative	pèžuka	pèžukar	pèžuč	pežùkam	pežùkať	pežùkaš
	past subjunctive	pežùkajo	pežùkajar	pežùkaja	pežùkajam	pežùkajať	pežùkajaš
	imperative	-	pèžuj! pežùthi!	-	-	pežùť!	-
	infinitive	pežùne
	past infinitive	pežučène
	participle	pežùwota, pežùra
passive	present indicative	pežùme	pežùre	pežùte	pežuwònta	pežùsť	pežùwote
	present subjunctive	pežùwimo	pežùwiro	pežùwito	pežuwìntha	pežùwisť	pežuwìjoto
	past indicative	pèžuťha	pèžuťhast	pežùťhač	pežùťham	pežùťhať	pežùťhaš
	past subjunctive	pežùťhejo	pežùťhejast	pežùťheja	pežùťhejam	pežùťhejať	pežùťhejaš
	imperative	-	pežùre!	-	-	pežùsť!	-
	infinitive	pežùsthe
	past infinitive	pežùťhane
	participle	pežùmien, pežùmňa

agapane 'to love'

voice	tense	ga	si	ot/otia	šam	šať	oty/ote
active	present indicative	agapawa	agapajir	agapaji	agapam	agapať	agapaš
	present subjunctive	agapajo	agapajar	agapaja	agapajam	agapajať	agapajaš
	past indicative	agapiaka	agapiakast	agapiač	agapiakam	agapiakať	agapiakaš
	past subjunctive	agapiakajo	agapiakajast	agapiakaja	agapiakajam	agapiakajať	agapiakajaš
	imperative	-	agapaj!	-	-	agapať!	-
	infinitive	agapane
	past infinitive	agapiačne
	participle	agapawota, agapara
passive	present indicative	agapame	agapare	agapate	agapanta	agapasť	agapawote
	present subjunctive	agapawime	agapawire	agapawite	agapawintha	agapawisť	agapawijote
	past indicative	agapieťha	agapieťhast	agapieťhač	agapieťham	agapieťhať	agapieťhaš
	past subjunctive	agapieťhejo	agapieťhejast	agapieťheja	agapieťhejam	agapieťhejať	agapieťhejaš
	imperative	-	agapare!	-	-	agapasť!	-
	infinitive	agapasthe
	past infinitive	agapieťhane
	participle	agapamien, agapamnia

Weak consonant verbs

ξευρσκειναι šurščine 'to find'

• Pres. act. ind.: ξευρσκα, ξευρσκειρ, ξευρσκει, ξευρσκομ, ξευρσκετι, ξευρσκουξ šurška, šurščir, šuršči, šurškom, šurščeť, šurškuš
• Pres. act. subj.: ξευρσκιω, ξευρσκηρ, ξευρσκη, ξευρσκημ, ξευρσκητι, ξευρσκηξ šurščo, šurščar, šuršča, šurščam, šurščať, šurščaš
• Past act.: ξευρηκα, ξευρηκαστ, ξευρηικι, ξευρηκαμ, ξευρηκατι, ξευρηκαξ šuřaka, šuřakast, šuřeč, šuřakam, šuřakať, šuřakaš
• Past act. subj.: ξευρηκαϊω, ξευρηκαϊηστ, ξευρηκαϊη... šuřakajo, šuřakajast, šuřakaja, šuřakajam, šuřakajať, šuřakajaš
• Pres. pass. ind.: ξευρσκμαι, ξευρσκεραι, ξευρσκεται, ξευρσκονθα, ξευρσκεστι, ξευρσκωται šurškme, šurščere, šurščete, šurškontha, šurščesť, šurškote
• Pres. pass. subj.: ξευρσκοιμαι, ξευρσκοιραι, ξευρσκοιται, ξευρσκοινθα, ξευρσκοιστι, ξευρσκοιωται šurškyme, šurškyre, šurškyte, šurškyntha, šurškysť, šurškyjote
• Past pass. ind.: šuriaťho, šuriaťhast, šuriaťhač, šuriaťham, šuriaťhať, šuriaťhaš
• Past pass. subj.: šuriaťhajo, šuriaťhajast, šuriaťhaja, šuriaťhajam, šuriaťhajať, šuriaťhajaš
• Active participle: šurškota, šurškura (m/f)
• Passive participle: šurškomien, šurškomňa (m/f)

Irregular verbs

είναι ine 'to be'

• Infinitive: είναι ine
• Present: ειμ, ειρ, εστι, σμε, στε, ειξ im, ir, jesť, smie, sťe, iš
  • Negative forms: ούκειμ, ούκειρ, ούξτι, ουξμέ, ουξτέ, ούκειξ ùčim, ùčir, ùšť, ušmiè, ušťè, ùčiš
• Subjunctive: είω, είηρ, είη, είημ, είητι, είηξ ìjo, ìjar, ìja, ìjam, ìjať, ìjaš
• Past: ήκα, ήκαστ, ηκι, ήκαμ, ήκατι, ήκαξ jàka, jàkast, jač, jàkam, jàkať, jàkaš
• Participle: είωτα, είουρα ìjota, ìjura

Numerals (Αριθμοί Ařthmý)

• 1, ..., 10: šir/mňa/šen, žo, třir/třìja, ťèsier, pièťe, šeš, šèpta, òkta, jèňa, ďèka
• 11, ..., 19: šèdka, žòdka, třìdka, ťèsradka, piètadka, šèšadka, šèptadka, òktadka, jèňadka, ìkoř
• 21, ..., 29: ìkoř šen, ìkoř žo, ìkoř třìja, ... ìkoř jèňa
• 30, ..., 100: třàta, saròta, pieňèta, šešèta, šemièta, oktòta, jeňèta, šekatò

Syntax (Siotachia)

'To have'

Jest na mu mial.

be.3SG.PRES to/for 1SG.GEN apple

I have an apple.

Conjunctions

• jo = if