5,466
edits
Nankôre: Difference between revisions
→Nouns
m (→Orthography) |
(→Nouns) |
||
| Line 238: | Line 238: | ||
==== Nouns ==== | ==== Nouns ==== | ||
The nominal system, at first glance, appears very simple. They are not inflected for case, gender, or number, nor do adpositions indicate their directional or positional relationships. Nevertheless, the nominal system has a complex heirarchy of animacy, which although unmarked, is a semantic feature of the noun and pronoun. Where a given NP falls within the animacy heirarchy must be memorized in order to select the correct verbal form (see the section of Verbs for more details). | |||
As earlier stated, nouns in Nankôre are not inflected, nor are case clitics attache to them to indicate case relations. Core arguments for Agent (A) and Patient (P) are marked within the verb by cross-reference affixes. Oblique arguments, on the other hand, are treated as adjuncts, and are thus bound to their clause with the connective clitic ''si='' or ''=si''. Context alone determines the semantic role of the oblique. Because obliques are considered adjuncts, they may not come between the core arguments and the verb, and therefore must appear either before or after the clause nucleus. To illustrate, the sentence ''Maska=si ohipna koykare ekán itá'' (anthill=CONN twig boy insert PST), i.e. "The boy inserted the twig into the anthill", the noun ''maska'' (anthill) is the oblique argument and is marked with the clitic ''si='' to join it to the rest of the sentence. Oblique arguments use the form ''=si'' preceding the clause nucleus, or ''si='' following the clause nucleus, e.g. ''Ohipna koykare ekán itá si=maska''. | |||
Possession is indicated by joining the possessor to the possessum with the connective ''si='', followed either by the verb ''ras'' to indicate inalienable possession e.g. ''Koykare si=naho ras'', "The boy's mother", or ''ocité'' for alienable possession, e.g. ''Koykare si=maska ocité''. If the possessor is lower in the animacy heirarcy, the inverse marker ''ta'/tah'' is prefixed to the verb, as in the improbable ''Maska si=koykare tah-ocité'', "The anthill's boy". | Possession is indicated by joining the possessor to the possessum with the connective ''si='', followed either by the verb ''ras'' to indicate inalienable possession e.g. ''Koykare si=naho ras'', "The boy's mother", or ''ocité'' for alienable possession, e.g. ''Koykare si=maska ocité''. If the possessor is lower in the animacy heirarcy, the inverse marker ''ta'/tah'' is prefixed to the verb, as in the improbable ''Maska si=koykare tah-ocité'', "The anthill's boy". | ||