Jualio: Difference between revisions

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(Created page with "{{privatelang}}{{construction}} {{Infobox language |name = Jualio |nativename = jualio |pronunciation = ʒwàʎó |region = |ethnicity = |speakers...")
 
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{| class="wikitable"  
{| class="wikitable"  
|-
|- style="text-align:center; text-decoration:underline;"
! colspan="2" | Simple pronominals:
| colspan="6" style="font-weight:bold;" | Simple pronominals:
! colspan="2" | singular
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! colspan="2" | plural
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | Animate:
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-decoration:underline;" | singular
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | Animate:
| colspan="2" "text-decoration:underline;" | plural
| accessible
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| inaccessible
| style="text-decoration:underline;" | accessible
| accessible
| style="text-decoration:underline;" | inaccessible
| inaccessible
| style="text-decoration:underline;" | accessible
| style="text-decoration:underline;" | inaccessible
|-
|-
| 1st person
| 1st person
| definite
| definite
| na
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | na
| nu
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | nu
| ina
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ina
| inu
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | inu
|-
|-
| 2nd person
| 2nd person
| definite
| definite
| ua
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ua
| vu
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | vu
| iua
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | iua
| ivu
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ivu
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" | 3rd  person
| rowspan="3" | 3rd  person
| definite
| definite
| ja
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ja
| ju
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ju
| ija
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ija
| iju
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | iju
|-
|-
| specific
| specific
| ma
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ma
| mu
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | mu
| ima
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ima
| imu
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | imu
|-
|-
| generic
| generic
| colspan="2" | u
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | u
| colspan="2" | iu
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | iu
|- style="text-decoration:underline;"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | Simple pronominals:
| colspan="2" "rowspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | Inanimate:
| colspan="2" | singular
| colspan="2" style="text-decoration:underline;" | singular
| colspan="2" | plural
| colspan="2" style="text-decoration:underline;" | plural
|-
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | Inanimate:
| style="text-decoration:underline;" | neutral
| style="text-decoration:underline;" | neutral
| style="text-decoration:underline;" | dangerous
| style="text-decoration:underline;" | dangerous
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|-
|-
| inanimate generic
| inanimate generic
| a
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | a
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | au
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | au
| ia
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ia
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | iau
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | iau
|-
|- style="text-align:center; text-decoration:underline;"
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline;" | Demonstrative pronominals
| colspan="6" style="font-weight:bold;" | Demonstrative pronominals:
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | Animate:
| colspan="2" style="text-decoration:underline;" | singular
| colspan="2" style="text-decoration:underline;" | singular
| colspan="2" | plural
| colspan="2" "text-decoration:underline;" | plural
|-
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | Animate:
| style="text-decoration:underline;" | accessible
| style="text-decoration:underline;" | accessible
| style="text-decoration:underline;" | inaccessible
| style="text-decoration:underline;" | inaccessible
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| rowspan="3" | 3rd person<br />definite
| rowspan="3" | 3rd person<br />definite
| proximate
| proximate
| jaie
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ja<u>ie</u>
| juue
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ju<u>ue</u>
| ijaie
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ija<u>ie</u>
| ijuue
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | iju<u>ue</u>
|-
|-
| medial
| medial
| jaia
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ja<u>ia</u>
| juua
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ju<u>ua</u>
| ijaia
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ija<u>ia</u>
| ijuua
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | iju<u>ua</u>
|-
|-
| distal
| distal
| jaio
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ja<u>io</u>
| juuo
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ju<u>uo</u>
| ijaio
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ija<u>io</u>
| ijuuo
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | iju<u>uo</u>
|- style="text-decoration:underline;"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | Demonstrative pronominals
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Inanimate:
| colspan="2" | singular
| colspan="2" style="text-decoration:underline;" | singular
| colspan="2" | plural
| colspan="2" style="text-decoration:underline;" | plural
|-
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | Animate:
| style="text-decoration:underline;" | neutral
| style="text-decoration:underline;" | neutral
| style="text-decoration:underline;" | dangerous
| style="text-decoration:underline;" | dangerous
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| style="text-decoration:underline;" | dangerous
| style="text-decoration:underline;" | dangerous
|-
|-
| 3rd person<br />inanimate<br />definite
| rowspan="3" | 3rd person<br />definite
| proximate
| proximate
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | xu<u>ue</u>
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | xu<u>ue</u>
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| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ibu<u>ue</u>
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ibu<u>ue</u>
|-
|-
|
| medial
| medial
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | xu<u>ua</u>
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | xu<u>ua</u>
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| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ibu<u>ua</u>
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ibu<u>ua</u>
|-
|-
|
| distal
| distal
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | xu<u>uo</u>
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | xu<u>uo</u>
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| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ixu<u>uo</u>
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ixu<u>uo</u>
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ibu<u>uo</u>
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ibu<u>uo</u>
|-
|- style="text-align:center; text-decoration:underline;"
| colspan="2" | Compound pronominals
| colspan="6" style="font-weight:bold;" | Compound pronominals:
| accessible
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| inaccessible
| colspan="2" | Animate:
| dominant
| style="text-decoration:underline;" | accessible
| subordinate
| style="text-decoration:underline;" | inaccessible
| style="text-decoration:underline;" | dominant
| style="text-decoration:underline;" | subordinate
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2nd + 1st person
| rowspan="2" | 2nd + 1st person
| dual
| dual
| uana
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | uana
| vunu
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | vunu
| uanu
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | uanu
| vuna
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | vuna
|-
|-
| plural
| plural
| iuana
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | iuana
| ivunu
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ivunu
| iuanu
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | iuanu
| ivuna
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | ivuna
|-
|- style="text-align:center; text-decoration:underline;"
| colspan="2" | Complimentisers
| colspan="6" style="font-weight:bold;" | Complementisers:
| colspan="2" | temporal
|- style="text-decoration:underline;"
| colspan="2" | non-temporal
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | temporal
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | non-temporal
|-
|-
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | kuo
| colspan="2" | kuo
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFF; color:#00009B;" | zuo
| colspan="2" | zuo
|}
|}


Revision as of 16:15, 25 February 2022

Jualio
jualio
Pronunciation[ʒwàʎó]
Created byImralu
Date2022
Native speakersunknown ({{{date}}})
Presumed language isolate
  • Jualio
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Nominal Tables

Here is the entire set of nominals in the nominative case. The demonstrative forms given here can be analysed as contractions of nominals with the demonstrative verbals tie, tia and tio and in some varieties of Iliaqu, other nominals can also be combined with demonstratives. For more information and tables of the demonstrative forms, see the section on demonstratives.

Simple pronominals:
Animate: singular plural
accessible inaccessible accessible inaccessible
1st person definite na nu ina inu
2nd person definite ua vu iua ivu
3rd person definite ja ju ija iju
specific ma mu ima imu
generic u iu
Inanimate: singular plural
neutral dangerous neutral dangerous
3rd person definite xu bu ixu ibu
specific zu tu izu itu
inanimate generic a au ia iau
Demonstrative pronominals:
Animate: singular plural
accessible inaccessible accessible inaccessible
3rd person
definite 		proximate jaie juue ijaie ijuue
medial jaia juua ijaia ijuua
distal jaio juuo ijaio ijuuo
Inanimate: singular plural
neutral dangerous neutral dangerous
3rd person
definite 		proximate xuue buue ixuue ibuue
medial xuua buua ixuua ibuua
distal xuuo buuo ixuuo ibuuo
Compound pronominals:
Animate: accessible inaccessible dominant subordinate
2nd + 1st person dual uana vunu uanu vuna
plural iuana ivunu iuanu ivuna
Complementisers:
temporal non-temporal
kuo zuo

First Person

First person nominals are all definite and animate.

ICS Sg. ICS. Pl. ACS Sg. ACS. Pl.
Nominative nu inu na ina
Accusative ni ini ne ine
Dative eni ieni ene iene
Ablative nui inui nai inai
Locative nua inua ana iana
Genitive uni iuni une iune
Possessive unu iunu una iuna
Vocative enu einu ena eina
Causal teni teini tene teine
Benefactive kuani kuaini kuane kuaine
Instrumental ani aini ane aine
Comitative leni leini lene leine
Topical veni veini vene veine
Essive onu oinu ona oina
Second Person

Second person nominals are all definite and animate.

ICS.SG ICS:PL ACS.SG ACS.PL
Nominative vu ivu ua iua
Accusative ui iui ue iue
Dative eui ieui eue ieue
Ablative vui ivui uai iuai
Locative vua ivua aua iaua
Genitive uui iuui uue iuue
Possessive uvu iuvu uua iuua
Vocative evu eivu eua eiua
Causal teui teiui teue teiue
Benefactive kuaui kuaiui kuaue kuaiue
Instrumental aui aiui aue aiue
Comitative leui leiui leue leiue
Topical veui veiui veue veiue
Essive ovu oivu oua oiua
Second Person + First Person (First Person Inclusive)

First person inclusive nominals are all definite and animate. Because of the combination of first and second persons into a single word, the four stances, accessible, inaccessible, dominant, submissive are represented within single words.

ICS.DU ACS.DU DOM.DU SUB.DU ICS.PL ACS.PL DOM.PL SUB.PL
Nominative vunu uana uanu vuna ivunu iuana iuanu ivuna
Accusative uini uene ueni uine iuini iuene iueni iuine
Dative euini euene eueni euine ieuini ieuene ieueni ieuine
Ablative vuinui uainai uainui vuinai ivuinui iuainai iuainui ivuinai
Locative vuanua auana auanua vuana ivuanua iauana iauanua ivuana
Genitive uuini uuene uueni uuine iuuini iuuene iuueni iuuine
Possessive uvunu uuana uuanu uvuna iuvunu iuuana iuuanu iuvuna
Vocative evunu euana euanu evuna eivunu eiuana eiuanu eivuna
Causal teuini teuene teueni teuine teiuini teiuene teiueni teiuine
Benefactive kuauini kuauene kuaueni kuauine kuaiuini kuaiuene kuaiueni kuaiuine
Instrumental auini auene aueni auine aiuini aiuene aiueni aiuine
Comitative leuini leuene leueni leuine leiuini leiuene leiueni leiuine
Topical veuini veuene veueni veuine veiuini veiuene veiueni veiuine
Essive ovunu ouana ouanu ovuna oivunu oiuana oiuanu oivuna
Third Person
Definite
ICS Sg. ICS. Pl. ACS Sg. ACS. Pl. Inan. Sg. Inan. Pl.
Nominative ju iju ja ija xu ixu
Accusative ji iji je ije xi ixi
Dative eji ieji eje ieje exi iexi
Ablative jui ijui jai ijai xui ixui
Locative jua ijua aja iaja xua ixua
Genitive uji iuji uje iuje uxi iuxi
Possessive uju iuju uja iuja *uxu *iuxu
Vocative eju eiju eja eija exu eixu
Causal teji teiji teje teije texi teixi
Benefactive kuaji kuaiji kuaje kuaije kuaxi kuaixi
Instrumental aji aiji aje aije axi aixi
Comitative leji leiji leje leije lexi leixi
Topical veji veiji veje veije vexi veixi
Essive oju oiju oja oija oxu oixu
*rare, theoretical
Indefinite, Specific
ICS Sg. ICS. Pl. ACS Sg. ACS. Pl. Inan. Sg. Inan. Pl.
Nominative mu imu ma ima zu izu
Accusative mi imi me ime zi izi
Dative emi iemi eme ieme ezi iezi
Ablative mui imui mai imai zui izui
Locative mua imua ama iama zua izua
Genitive umi iumi ume iume uzi iuzi
Possessive umu iumu uma iuma *uzu *iuzu
Vocative emu eimu ema eima ezu eizu
Causal temi teimi teme teime tezi teizi
Benefactive kuami kuaimi kuame kuaime kuazi kuaizi
Instrumental ami aimi ame aime azi aizi
Comitative lemi leimi leme leime lezi leizi
Topical vemi veimi veme veime vezi veizi
Essive omu oimu oma oima ozu oizu
*rare, theoretical
Indefinite, Non-Specific (General)
ANIM Sg. ANIM Pl. INAN Sg. INAN Pl.
Nominative u iu a ia
Accusative i iri e ie
Dative eri ieri ere iere
Ablative ui iui ai iai
Locative aru iaru ara iara
Genitive uri iuri ure iure
Possessive uru iuru ura* iura*
Vocative eru eiu era eia
Causal teri teiri tere teie
Benefactive kuari kuairi kuare kuaie
Instrumental ari airi are aie
Comitative leri leiri lere leie
Topical veri veiri vere veie
Essive oru oiu ora oia
*rare, theoretical
Complementisers
"that" rough translation "the time that" rough translation
Nominative zuo 'that' kuo 'the time when'
Accusative jo 'that' kio 'the time when'
Dative ejo 'to the place where' ekio 'until'
Ablative zuio 'from the place where' kuio 'since', 'after'
Locative azuo 'in the place where' akuo 'when'
Genitive ujo ukio
Possessive *uzuo *ukuo
Vocative ezuo 'if only' ekuo
Causal tejo 'because' tekio
Benefactive kuajo 'so that' kuakio 'in case'
Instrumental ajo 'by V-ing' akio
Comitative lejo 'while' lekio
Topical vejo 'about V-ing' vekio 'about the time when'
Essive ozuo 'like' okuo
* theoretical
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