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Chelsian: Difference between revisions
→Forms based on the present stem
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====Forms based on the present stem==== | ====Forms based on the present stem==== | ||
The present stem is obtained by removing the infinitive ending (''-(i)āre, -ēre, -ere,'' or ''-īre'') from the second principal part. | The present stem is obtained by removing the infinitive ending (''-(i)āre, -ēre, -ere,'' or ''-īre'') from the second principal part and (in the case of the first conjugation) maintaining its hardness/softness. | ||
Many verbs in the second to fourth conjugations have a secondary present stem distinct from the primary present stem. This is obtained by removing ''-(i)ō'' from the first principal part and maintaining its hardness/softness. | Many verbs in the second to fourth conjugations have a secondary present stem distinct from the primary present stem. This is obtained by removing ''-(i)ō'' from the first principal part and maintaining its hardness/softness. | ||
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In the 2nd and 4th declensions, the stem-final consonant is always soft, which is indicated with an ''-i-'' before back vowels (which is dropped if the stem ends in ''-j-''). In the 1st and 3rd declensions, the stem-final consonant may be hard or soft.--> | In the 2nd and 4th declensions, the stem-final consonant is always soft, which is indicated with an ''-i-'' before back vowels (which is dropped if the stem ends in ''-j-''). In the 1st and 3rd declensions, the stem-final consonant may be hard or soft.--> | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Non-finite forms based on the present stem | |||
! !! 1st !! 2nd !! 3rd !! 4th | |||
|- | |||
! Present active infinitive | |||
| ''-(i)āre'' || ''-ēre'' || ''-ere'' || ''-īre'' | |||
|- | |||
! Present active participle | |||
| ''-(i)ąs, -(i)antis'' || colspan="3"| ''-ęs, -entis''¹ | |||
|- | |||
! Future passive participle | |||
| ''-(i)andus, -a, -ų'' || colspan="3"| ''-endus, -a, -ų''¹ | |||
|} | |||
'''Notes:''' | |||
¹ Uses the secondary present stem (if applicable). | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | ||
|+ Finite tenses based on the present stem | |+ Finite tenses based on the present stem | ||
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|} | |} | ||
'''Notes:''' | '''Notes:''' | ||
¹ Uses the secondary present stem (if applicable). | ¹ Uses the secondary present stem (if applicable). | ||