Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean: Difference between revisions
Line 382: | Line 382: | ||
|*nə-dɮə > *ɳə | |*nə-dɮə > *ɳə | ||
|*nə-dʑə > *ɲə | |*nə-dʑə > *ɲə | ||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+Morphosyntactic alignment | |||
! | |||
!Impersonal | |||
!Intransitive | |||
!Transitive | |||
!Ditransitive | |||
|- | |||
!Subject | |||
| - | |||
|Nominative-Absolutive | |||
|Accusative-Ergative | |||
|Accusative-Ergative | |||
|- | |||
!Direct object | |||
| - | |||
| - | |||
|Accusative-Absolutive | |||
|Accusative-Absolutive | |||
|- | |||
!Indirect object | |||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | |||
|Dative | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+Nominal and pronominal ablaut patterns | |||
! | |||
!Indefinite | |||
!Singular | |||
!Plural | |||
|- | |||
!Nominative-Absolutive | |||
|*-e- | |||
|*-a- | |||
|*-i- | |||
|- | |||
!Accusative-Ergative | |||
|*-ə- | |||
|*-ɐ- | |||
|*-ɨ- | |||
|- | |||
!Accusative-Absolutive | |||
|*-o- | |||
|*-ɑ- | |||
|*-u- | |||
|- | |||
!Dative | |||
|*-e- / *-o- | |||
|*-a- / *-ɑ- | |||
|*-i- / *-u- | |||
|- | |||
!Genitive | |||
|*-e(ː)- / *-o(ː)- | |||
|*-a(ː)- / *-ɑ(ː)- | |||
|*-i(ː)- / *-u(ː)- | |||
|- | |||
!Vocative | |||
|*-e(ː)- / *-ə(ː)- | |||
|*-a(ː)- / *-ɐ(ː)- | |||
|*-i(ː)- / *-ɨ(ː)- | |||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 13:39, 14 May 2023
Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean | |
---|---|
Proto-Paleoeuropean, Proto-Indo-Atlantic, Proto-Indo-Boreo-Atlantic | |
(Controversial) | |
Created by | Caesar05 |
Date | 2023 |
Setting | Possibly Near East or Europe |
Ethnicity | Early Eurasian Hunter-Gatherers |
Era | Upper Paleolithic |
Early forms | Proto-Sapiens (?)
|
Dialect |
|
Map of the Aurignacian culture distribution |
Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean is a hypothetical reconstructed language thought to be the ancestor of the Atlanto-Mediterranean proposed linguistic macrofamily. This large group includes several language families and isolated languages spoken primarily in Europe. Its origin is controversial and would be linked to the Ahmarian culture of the Middle East or the Aurignacian culture of Europe, both associated with the settlement of Europe by Homo sapiens during the Paleolithic. However, due to the extreme remoteness of this ancient language, its precise reconstruction faces enormous challenges. In the absence of direct evidence, one can only rely on speculation and the limited long range comparative historical evidence available.
Introduction
External classification
Homo sapiens (?) |
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Internal classification
Atlanto-Mediterranean |
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Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Laminal | Apical | Sublaminal | ||||||||||
Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Postpalatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||||
Nasal | *m | *n | *ɳ | *ɲ | *ŋ | *ɴ | ||||||
Plosive | Voiceless | Ejective | *pʼ | *tʼ | *tsʼ | *tɬʼ | *tʃʼ | *tɕʼ | *kʼ | *qʼ | *ʡ | *ʔ |
Aspirated | *pʰ | *tʰ | *tsʰ | *tɬʰ | *tʃʰ | *tɕʰ | *kʰ | *qʰ | ||||
Voiced | Plain | *b | *d | *dz | *dɮ | *dʒ | *dʑ | *g | *ɢ | |||
Murmured | *bʱ | *dʱ | *dzʱ | *dɮʱ | *dʒʱ | *dʑʱ | *gʱ | *ɢʱ | ||||
Fricative | Voiceless | *f | *θ | *s | *ɬ | *ʃ | *ɕ | *x | *χ | *ħ | *h | |
Voiced | *v | *ð | *z | *ɮ | *ʒ | *ʑ | *ɣ | *ʁ | *ʕ | *ɦ | ||
Liquid | Rhotic | *ʙ | *ɹ | *ɻ | *r | *ʀ | *ʢ | |||||
Lateral | *l | *ɭ | *ʎ | *ʟ | ||||||||
Click | (*ʘ > *pǀ) | *ǀ | *ǃ | *ǁ | *ǂ | (*ʞ > *qǂ) |
Approximants
Labial | Palatal | Velar | |
---|---|---|---|
Labial | *ʋ | *ɥ | *w |
Palatal | *ɥ | *j | *ɧ |
Velar | *w | *ɧ | *ɰ |
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Short | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | |
High | *i | *iː | *ɨ | *ɨː | *u | *uː |
Mid | *e | *eː | *ə | *əː | *o | *oː |
Low | *a | *aː | *ɐ | *ɐː | *ɑ | *ɑː |
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Auxiliar lexicon and morphology
Auxiliar stem: *(C)=VC[V]
- =əʔ- : to be (auxiliar verb [indefinite])
- =ɐʔ- : to be (auxiliar verb [imperfective])
- =ɨʔ- : to be (auxiliar verb [perfective])
Pronominal stem: *C[V]-(CV)
Person | Indefinite | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|---|
First | *ʔə- > *ʔə | *ʔə-bə > *pə | *ʔə-gə > *kə |
Second | *ʔə-də > *tə | *ʔə-ɢə > *qə | *ʔə-dzə > *tsə |
Third | *ʔə-dʒə > *tʃə | *ʔə-dɮə > *tɬə | *ʔə-dʑə > *tɕə |
Person | Indefinite | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|---|
First | *nə- > *nə | *nə-bə > *mə | *nə-gə > *ŋə |
Second | *nə-də > *nə | *nə-ɢə > *ɴə | *nə-dzə > *nə |
Third | *nə-dʒə > *ɲə | *nə-dɮə > *ɳə | *nə-dʑə > *ɲə |
Impersonal | Intransitive | Transitive | Ditransitive | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Subject | - | Nominative-Absolutive | Accusative-Ergative | Accusative-Ergative |
Direct object | - | - | Accusative-Absolutive | Accusative-Absolutive |
Indirect object | - | - | - | Dative |
Indefinite | Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative-Absolutive | *-e- | *-a- | *-i- |
Accusative-Ergative | *-ə- | *-ɐ- | *-ɨ- |
Accusative-Absolutive | *-o- | *-ɑ- | *-u- |
Dative | *-e- / *-o- | *-a- / *-ɑ- | *-i- / *-u- |
Genitive | *-e(ː)- / *-o(ː)- | *-a(ː)- / *-ɑ(ː)- | *-i(ː)- / *-u(ː)- |
Vocative | *-e(ː)- / *-ə(ː)- | *-a(ː)- / *-ɐ(ː)- | *-i(ː)- / *-ɨ(ː)- |
Auxiliar structures
Lexicon
Verbal stem: *(C)=VCVC[V]
Nominal stem: *CVC[V]-(CV)
Number | Cardinal | Ordinal |
---|---|---|
1 | Example | Example |
2 | Example | Example |
3 | Example | Example |
4 | Example | Example |
5 | Example | Example |
6 | Example | Example |
7 | Example | Example |
8 | Example | Example |
9 | Example | Example |
10 | Example | Example |
11 | Example | Example |
12 | Example | Example |
13 | Example | Example |
14 | Example | Example |
15 | Example | Example |
16 | Example | Example |
17 | Example | Example |
18 | Example | Example |
19 | Example | Example |
20 | Example | Example |