Carrick

Carrick (Ck. Kærðiᵹa /kærðiɣa/) is a Brittonic Celtic language spoken by the mountain-dwelling Carthi (Ck. Kærði) on the archipelago of Inhi Oysir.

Phonology and Orthography

Carrick is written in the Latin alphabet:

a æ b d ð e f g ᵹ h i j k l m n o œ p r s t u v y

Mutations

Radical	I-Mutation	U-Mutation
Short Vowels
a	æ (e)	o
e	i	œ
i	-	y
o	œ (e)	-
u	y	-
Long Vowels
á	ǽ	ó
é	í	œ́
í	-	ý
ó	œ́	-
ú	ý	-
Diphthongs
au	ai	ou
ei	-	ey
eu	ey	-
ou	oy	-
je	ei	jo
vo	jo	-

Morphology

Nouns

Nouns may be masculine, feminine or neuter and decline for four cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative) in the singular and plural. There are X stem classes (a-, o-, u-, i-, ...), within which are a number of sub-classes.

Stems can be divided into a number of types:

• short monosyllables (those with a short or long vowel)
• long monosyllables (those with a diphthong)
• polysyllables

A summary of the endings for monosyllables is given below.

		A-Stems	O-Stems	U-Stems	I-Stems	Ø-Stems	N-Stems	S-Stems	R-Stems
Masc.	Neut.	Fem.	Masc/Fem.	Neut.	Masc.	Neut.	Fem.	Masc/Fem.	Neut.	Masc/Fem.	Neut.	Neut.	Masc/Fem.
Sg.	Nom.	―	-o	―U	―I	-iI	―	-uU	―	―	-irI
Acc.	―	―	―U	―I	―	-an	―	―	-er
Gen.	―I	-o	-o	-iI	-joI	―	-an	-iI	-iI	-r'
Dat.	-uU	-e	-o	-iI	-eI	-iI	-(e)ni	-iI	-riI
Pl.	Nom.	-iI	-o	-o	-o	-oU	-iI	-joI	-iI	―	-o	-an	-(a)no	-joI	-r
Acc.	-uU	-o	-o	-uU	-oU	-iI	-joI	-iI	―	-o	-(a)no	-joI	-ro
Gen.	―	-on	-uU	-iI	―I	―	-an	-iI	-r
Dat.	-au	-ou	-uU	-ifI	-jou	―	-amb	-iðI	-rif

Generally speaking, polysyllabic forms follow the same paradigms but do not undergo i- or u-mutation unless there is a following vowel (e.g. áratt "silver" (a, n.), g.sg. áratt but n.pl. árett). Polysyllabic forms are also liable to lose the final vowel of the stem when endings are added when the syllable is short and this may obstruct mutations from occurring (e.g. dafað (a, m.), g.sg. dafað but n.pl. dafði).

The vocalic stem classes include stems with either j or v in the stem (e.g. dan 'man', dœl 'image').

A j occurs only before a, o, u but causes i-mutation to monosyllables throughout the paradigm (blocking u-mutation), except in the n.sg. of masculine a-stems (e.g. dan 'man', a.sg. dæn but kærjo 'crime', a.sg. kær). In polysyllables, the same is true but only pure vowels are affected (e.g. ...).

Stems with v show this only before i, e and monosyllables undergo u-mutation (blocking i-affection) everywhere except the n.sg. of masculine a-stems (e.g. kar 'deer', a.sg. kor). Polysyllables do not show u-mutation except where the v survives (e.g. ...).

Example Declensions

A-Stems (masculine & neuter)

		penn head (m.)	tækkið fate (m.)	dan man (m.)	tar bull (m.)	deun city (n.)
Sg.	Nominative	penn	tækkið	dan	tar	deun
Accusative	penn	tækkið	dæn	tor	deun
Genitive	pinn	tækkið	dæn	tor	deyn
Dative	pœnnu	tækkðu	dænju	torvu	deunu
Pl.	Nominative	pinni	tækkði	dænji	torvi	deuno
Accusative	pœnnu	tækkðu	dænju	torvu	deuno
Genitive	penn	tækkið	dæn	tor	deun
Dative	pennau	tækkðau	dænjau	torvau	deunau

O-Stems (feminine)

		louvo hand	íro prostitute	vijo web	dølvo image
Sg.	Nominative	louvo	íro	vijo	dœlvo
Accusative	louv	irih	vij	dœl
Genitive	louvo	íro	vijo	dœlvo
Dative	louve	íre	vije	dœlve
Pl.	Nominative	louvo	íro	vija	dœlvo
Accusative	louvo	íro	vija	dœlvo
Genitive	louvon	íron	vijon	dœlvon
Dative	louvou	írou	vijou	dœlvou

U-Stems (masculine, feminine, neuter)

		koð battle (f.)	kryh shirt (m.)	aret conversation (m.)	mornath eulogy (n.)	yð corn (n.)
Sg.	Nominative	koð	kryh	aret	mornað	yð
Accusative	koð	kryh	aret	mornað	yð
Genitive	kaðo	krío	ardo	mornaðo	iðo
Dative	kaðo	krío	ardo	mornaðo	iðo
Pl.	Nominative	kaðo	krío	ardo	mornoðo	yðo
Accusative	koðu	krýu	ardu	mornoðo	yðo
Genitive	koðu	krýu	ardu	mornoðu	yðu
Dative	koðu	krýu	ardu	mornoðu	yðu

I-Stems (masculine, feminine, neuter)

		læð country (f.)	kloyn meadow (m.)	bovel shepherd (m.)	mœr sea (n.)
Sg.	Nominative	læð	kloyn	bovel	mœr
Accusative	læð	kloyn	bovel	mœr
Genitive	læði	kloyni	bouli	mœri
Dative	læði	kloyni	bouli	mœri
Pl.	Nominative	læði	kloyni	bouli	mœrjo
Accusative	læði	kloyni	bouli	mœrjo
Genitive	læði	kloyni	bouli	mœri
Dative	læðif	kloynif	boulif	mœrif

Vocabulary

Nouns

• dan 1m man, husband
• vræᵹi 2f woman, wife
• maf 1m son, boy
• ginda 2f daughter, girl
• boða 2f house
• keu 4m dog (g.s. kun)
• kada 2f cat
• bau irr. f cow
• dauð 1m sheep
• mok 5f pig
• gaur 1m, gaura 2f goat
• prjann 1n tree
• klæðif 1m sword
• kolᵹa 2f short sword, dagger
• gau 1m spear
• skjauð 1m shield
• ekeuða 2f shoe
• rouga 2f tunic
• brada 1m cloak
• lauðr 1m trousers, hose
• 'kry 5m shirt
• vaᵹry 5m belt
• barᵹ 1m bread
• bleit 1m milk
• kyrf 3n