Dundulanyä: Difference between revisions

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Dundulanyä nouns generally do not end in long vowels; the few exceptions that do (generally of onomatopoeic or baby talk origin) are treated as irregular nouns. The most common nouns ending in long vowels are certainly ''amamū'' "mother" and ''atabū'' (or ''batū'') "father", which (due to regular saṃdhi) have ''ūv'' before vocalic endings (e.g. ergative plural ''amamūvām''), but an irregular direct plural in ''-ūv-i'', i.e. ''amamūvi'', ''atabūvi'', ''batūvi''.

The ''-ṛ'' declension diverges from those ending in other vowels in various forms, such as the direct singular, where nouns end in ''-ah'' (''-ar'', reduced to the corresponding soft consonant) instead of the simple vowel ''-ṛ''; their lemma form is in fact identical in shape to ''-ah'' nouns, although adding particles reveals the true nature of the final consonant (cf. ''ñältah, ñältahbu'' "sister, my sister"; ''śuthah, śutharbu'' "husband, my husband"; ''ñältahin śutharin'' "either [the] sister or [the] husband"):

The ''-ṛ'' declension diverges from those ending in other vowels in various forms, such as the direct singular, where nouns end in ''-ah'' (''-ar'', reduced to the corresponding soft consonant) instead of the simple vowel ''-ṛ''; their lemma form is in fact identical in shape to ''-ah'' nouns, although adding particles reveals the true nature of the final consonant (cf. ''ñältah, ñältahbu'' "sister, my sister"; ''śuthah, śutharbu'' "husband, my husband"; ''ñältahin śutharin'' "either [the] sister or [the] husband").

''-ai'' nouns and the much rarer ''-au'' nouns are variants of the ''-i'' and ''-u'' declensions respectively: these nouns end in ''-ā-i'' and ''-ā-u'' and are otherwise regularly declined. Due to saṃdhi, there is, however, more case syncretism than in the normal declensions. While these nouns are somewhat rare in the general lexicon, quite a few of them are basic lexical items and therefore often used, such as ''mbai'' "bread", ''junai'' "foot", ''lunai'' "tea" or ''lanai'' "island".

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! Bound form

| śuthah1 || śuthru || śuthāh1

|}

{| class="redtable lightredbg" align="center" style="text-align: center;" |

|+''-ai'' stems

|-

! rowspan=2 | !! colspan=3 | ''lanai'' "island"

|-

! Singular !! Dual !! Plural

|-

! Direct

| rowspan=2 | '''lanai''' || rowspan=2 | lanaive || rowspan=2 | lanai

|-

! Vocative

|-

! Ergative

| lanais || lanājñat || lanāyām

|-

! Accusative

| lanait || lanaitha || lanāyaih

|-

! Dative

| lanaik || lanaima || lanāyumi

|-

! Ablative

| lanāyū || lanaiṣu || lanaiinī

|-

! Locative

| lanāyā || rowspan=2 | lanaihe || lanāyän

|-

! Essive

| rowspan=2 | lanai || lanājñäh

|-

! Instrumental

| lanaiś || lanainīka

|-

! Bound form

| lanai || lanaiv || lanai

|}

@@ Line 725: / Line 725: @@
 Dundulanyä nouns generally do not end in long vowels; the few exceptions that do (generally of onomatopoeic or baby talk origin) are treated as irregular nouns. The most common nouns ending in long vowels are certainly ''amamū'' "mother" and ''atabū'' (or ''batū'') "father", which (due to regular saṃdhi) have ''ūv'' before vocalic endings (e.g. ergative plural ''amamūvām''), but an irregular direct plural in ''-ūv-i'', i.e. ''amamūvi'', ''atabūvi'', ''batūvi''.
-The ''-ṛ'' declension diverges from those ending in other vowels in various forms, such as the direct singular, where nouns end in ''-ah'' (''-ar'', reduced to the corresponding soft consonant) instead of the simple vowel ''-ṛ''; their lemma form is in fact identical in shape to ''-ah'' nouns, although adding particles reveals the true nature of the final consonant (cf. ''ñältah, ñältahbu'' "sister, my sister"; ''śuthah, śutharbu'' "husband, my husband"; ''ñältahin śutharin'' "either [the] sister or [the] husband"):
+The ''-ṛ'' declension diverges from those ending in other vowels in various forms, such as the direct singular, where nouns end in ''-ah'' (''-ar'', reduced to the corresponding soft consonant) instead of the simple vowel ''-ṛ''; their lemma form is in fact identical in shape to ''-ah'' nouns, although adding particles reveals the true nature of the final consonant (cf. ''ñältah, ñältahbu'' "sister, my sister"; ''śuthah, śutharbu'' "husband, my husband"; ''ñältahin śutharin'' "either [the] sister or [the] husband").
+''-ai'' nouns and the much rarer ''-au'' nouns are variants of the ''-i'' and ''-u'' declensions respectively: these nouns end in ''-ā-i'' and ''-ā-u'' and are otherwise regularly declined. Due to saṃdhi, there is, however, more case syncretism than in the normal declensions. While these nouns are somewhat rare in the general lexicon, quite a few of them are basic lexical items and therefore often used, such as ''mbai'' "bread", ''junai'' "foot", ''lunai'' "tea" or ''lanai'' "island".
 {{col-begin}}
 {{col-break}}
@@ Line 764: / Line 766: @@
 ! <small>Bound form</small>
 | śuthah<sup>1</sup> || śuthru || śuthāh<sup>1</sup>
+|}
+{{col-break}}
+{| class="redtable lightredbg" align="center" style="text-align: center;" |
+|+''-ai'' stems
+|-
+! rowspan=2 | !! colspan=3 | ''lanai''<br/>"island"
+|-
+! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
+|-
+! <small>Direct</small>
+| rowspan=2 | '''lanai''' || rowspan=2 | lanaive || rowspan=2 | lanai
+|-
+! <small>Vocative</small>
+|-
+! <small>Ergative</small>
+| lanais || lanājñat || lanāyām
+|-
+! <small>Accusative</small>
+| lanait || lanaitha || lanāyaih
+|-
+! <small>Dative</small>
+| lanaik || lanaima || lanāyumi
+|-
+! <small>Ablative</small>
+| lanāyū || lanaiṣu || lanaiinī
+|-
+! <small>Locative</small>
+| lanāyā || rowspan=2 | lanaihe || lanāyän
+|-
+! <small>Essive</small>
+| rowspan=2 | lanai || lanājñäh
+|-
+! <small>Instrumental</small>
+| lanaiś || lanainīka
+|-
+! <small>Bound form</small>
+| lanai || lanaiv || lanai
 |}
 {{col-break}}