Fourth Linguifex Relay/Minhast

Minhast Text

Ikkūne kuriktahan iħyitahammā,
Duħtaniktaharu, ittaħyamekan,
Hakkumman.

Taħ watturħa kungatarabammā, ikšākarampā
Wahēk, šuxtān min turħa kurganaft, dutikšakinnarumā,
Wahēk, duħtiptayyariknenaru.

Ra'e, wattā' hittanankūyaranaft keħredāš tadammantankūyismattabu
Wašia wakayyunar intakahešnuktararampi, wammīn.

Interlinear Gloss

Ikkūne kurg-tah-an iħy-tah-an=mā
Chieftain be.strong-2S.ABS-INTRANS be.high-2S.ABS-INTRANS=SUBORD

Dut-han-ktah-ar-u, ittah-yam-ek-an
DAT.APPL-come-1S.ABS+2S.ERG-PST-TRANS, have-sea-1S.ABS-INTRANS,

Hakkum-m-an
Be.far-3S.ANIM.ABS-INTRANS

Taħ watturħa kungat-Ø-ar-ab-an=mā, ikšāk-Ø-ar=ampā
2S.ABS CONN=spirit look.forward.to.arrival-3S.ABS-PST-IMPF-INTRANS=SUBORD, request-3MS.ABS-PST-ANTIPASS+SUBORD

Wahēk, šuxtān min turħa kurg-Ø-an=aft, dut-ikšāk-nn-ar-u=mā
SEQUENTIAL.DISC, sky CONN spirit be.great-3S.ABS-INTRANS=NMLZ, DAT.APPL-request-3S.ABS+3S.ERG-PST-TRANS=SUBORD

Wahēk, dut-hitt-payyar-knen-ar-u
SEQUENTIAL.DISC, DAT.APPL-give-custom-1S.ABS+3MS.ERG-PST-TRANS

Ra'e, wa=hattā' hitt-nannankūy-Ø-ar-an=aft keħre=dāš ta-idammat-nannankūy-m-satt-ab-u
CONFIRM.EXPECT.DISC CONN=NEG give-silver-3MS.ABS-PST-INTRANS=NMLZ death=MAL NEG=protect-silver-3S.ABS+3S.INANIM.ERG-FUT-IMPF-TRANS

Wašia wa=kayyun-ar nt-kah-ešnuk-tar-Ø-ar-ampi, wammīn.
DISTAL.ADV CONN=tree-PST INTENS-INVERSE.VOLITIONAL-tip-DISTR-3S.ANIM.ABS-PST-ANTIPASS, CAUSAL.DISC

Glossing Key

1. DAT.APPL - Dative Applicative
2. ERG - Ergative
3. ABS - Absolutive
4. INTRANS - Intransitive
5. TRANS - Transitive
6. ANTIPASS - Antipassive
7. CONN - Connective particle or clitic. Minhast has two kinds of Connectives: min links two or more noun phrases (NP); wa= links adjuncts with clauses.
8. ANIM - Animate
9. INANIM - Inanimate
10. 1S - First person singular
11. 2S - Second person singular
12. 3S - Third person singular
13. SUBORD - Subordinative clitic
14. DISC - Discourse particle
15. NEG - Negation particle, affix or clitic
16. INTENS - Intensive
17. INVERSE.VOLITIONAL - Inverse volitional affix, changes verbs that are semantically deliberate to accidental, and vice versa
18. DISTR - Distributive
19. PST - Past tense
20. FUT - Future tense
21. IMPF - Imperfect aspect
22. DISTAL.ADV - Distal demonstrative adverb
23. SEQUENTIAL.DISC - Sequential discourse particle, similar to the Subordinative clitic. However, this particle implies also a shift in grammatical roles between the core arguments.
24. CONFIRM.EXPECT.DISC - Confirmatory-Expective discourse particle which indicates that the speaker expects the listener to agree what the speaker just said.
25. CAUSAL.DISC - Discourse particle that indicates that the clause it is bound to was responsible for causing previous clauses to occur. It has wide scope over extended discourse.

Additional Notes

Minhast is a polysynthetic language that exhibits polypersonal cross-indexing on the verb, noun incorporation, and valence operations affixes. The Minhast text here utilizes all of these functions, so the reader is advised to go to the Minhast wiki for details. In this text be on the lookout for noun incorporation and any operation that manipulates the S/O pivot.