Adamic Code: Difference between revisions
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
The Adamic Code was created to simulate a [[w: | The Adamic Code was created to simulate a [[w:Afroasiatic languages|pre-afroasiatic language]] product of creolization between the [[Pangaean Code]]<ref>[[Os Códigos]]</ref> and the [[Diluvian Code]]<ref>[[Grammaire Diluvienne]]</ref>. | ||
Afroasiatic languages|pre-afroasiatic language]] product of creolization between the [[Pangaean Code]]<ref>[[Os Códigos]]</ref> and the [[Diluvian Code]]<ref>[[Grammaire Diluvienne]]</ref>. | |||
[...] | [...] | ||
Revision as of 02:52, 19 January 2025
 | This article is a construction site. This project is currently undergoing significant construction and/or revamp. By all means, take a look around, thank you. |
| Adamic Code | |
|---|---|
| Adamic | |
| אדםי (ādamya) | |
 Adam naming the animals | |
| Pronunciation | [àːˈdami̯a] |
| Created by | Veno |
| Date | c. 25,000-12,000 BP |
| Setting | Levant/Africa (?) |
| Native speakers | - (2024) |
Pangaean Code
| |
Early form | Paleolithic Creole
|
 Map of areas where the Adamic Code is believed to have once been spoken
Levantine model
African model | |
Adamic, (אדמי קףל, ādamya qafl, [àːˈdami̯a ˈɦafl]) also referred to as Canonic, is a philosophical ab interiori language of the Mesolithic that consists on naming roots and applying grammatical patterns through introflection. Its creator, Veno, named the Paleolithic Code as such due the similarity with the narrative of Genesis, where Adam was tasked to name the animals of Eden [1].
Introduction
The Adamic Code was created to simulate a pre-afroasiatic language product of creolization between the Pangaean Code[2] and the Diluvian Code[3]. [...]
The results based on https://wals.info/feature
| WALS | Adamic | |
|---|---|---|
| Consonant Inventories | 1A | Moderately small (15-18) ~ Average (19-25) |
| Vowel Quality Inventories | 2A | Small vowel inventory (2-4) ~ Average vowel inventory (5-6) |
| Consonant-Vowel Ratio | 3A | Average (2.75-4.5) ~ Moderately high (4.5-6.5) |
| Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives | 4A | Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives |
| Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems | 5A | None missing in /p t k b d g/ |
Phonology
Consonants
Adamic has 24 consonants in total, or 18 main consonants without the emphatics. The latter are considered mere extensions, suffering the same phonological effects as their counterparts.
- ^1The sound /ɦ/ ranges from [ɦ], [ʕ], and [ʁ] to [ɣ].
Vowels
Standard Adamic has 6 monophthongs and 6 diphthongs, but optionally, most diphthongs may be forced into monophthongs, resulting in 18 vowels as a whole. In comparison, the Diluvian Code has 10 vowels.
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- ^2In Adamic, the diphthongs /u̯i/ and /ui̯/ together with /i̯u/ and /iu̯/ are allophones, but in a more poetic register a difference may be made between i-dependent and u-dependent dialects, wherein one of each pair can be chosen in order to arrive at /ɨ/~/ɨː/ or /ʉ/~/ʉː/.
Pitch Accent
Although non-morphemic, long vowels tend to carry a rising pitch when stressed, and a falling pitch when unstressed, in order to further distinguish them from plain vowels.
Ortography
Adamic is an unattested language whose nearest connection is with the afroasiatic stock, therefore an alphabetic transcription is is not reproachable.
| Adamic Abjad Orthography | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| כ k |
ג g |
פ p |
ב b |
ת t |
ד d | ||||||||||
| כּ kˀ |
גּ gˀ |
פּ pˀ |
בּ bˀ |
תּ tˀ |
דּ dˀ | ||||||||||
| ה h |
ק ɦ |
נ n̥ |
מ m |
ל l̥ |
ר r | ||||||||||
| ס s |
ז z |
ף f |
ו v |
צ t͡s |
א ʔ | ||||||||||
| י i̯ |
׳ u̯ | ||||||||||||||
The characters used in the alphabetic orthography are given below.
- /i/ without relevant stress is written i
- /a/ without relevant stress is written a
- /u/ without relevant stress is written u
- /i/ with relevant stress is written í
- /a/ with relevant stress is written á
- /u/ with relevant stress is written ú
- /iː/ without relevant stress is written ī
- /aː/ without relevant stress is written ā
- /uː/ without relevant stress is written ū
- /iː/ with relevant stress is written î
- /aː/ with relevant stress is written â
- /uː/ with relevant stress is written û
- /e/ without relevant stress is written e
- /ɨ/~/ʉ/ without relevant stress is written y
- /o/ without relevant stress is written o
- /e/ with relevant stress is written é
- /ɨ/~/ʉ/ with relevant stress is written ý
- /o/ with relevant stress is written ó
- /eː/ without relevant stress is written ē
- /ɨː/~/ʉː/ without relevant stress is written ȳ
- /oː/ without relevant stress is written ō
- /eː/ with relevant stress is written ê
- /ɨː/~/ʉː/ with relevant stress is written ŷ
- /oː/ with relevant stress is written ô
- /k/ is written k
- /g/ is written g
- /p/ is written p
- /b/ is written b
- /t/ is written t
- /d/ is written d’
- /kˀ/ is written k’
- /gˀ/ is written g’
- /pˀ/ is written p’
- /bˀ/ is written b’
- /tˀ/ is written t’
- /dˀ/ is written d’
- /h/ is written h
- /ɦ/ is written q
- /n̥/ is written n
- /m/ is written m
- /l̥/ is written l
- /r/ is written r
- /s/ is written s
- /z/ is written z
- /f/ is written f
- /v/ is written v
- /t͡s/ is written c
- /ʔ/ is written ’
Morphology
Adamic Grammar can be summarized by the arrangement consonants (/) and vowels (-) in a predefined order inside the root-pattern field (-/-/-/-), as affixes and clitics remain their own particles.
Triconsonantal Root
Adamic utilizes the the triliterate segment /// for a variety of morphological and semantic functions. It is composed of consonants aligned in no particular order outside etymological and analogical significance, designed to be named after already existing words which may happen to be properly represented by the arrangement of sounds.
Considering the 24 consonants of the Adamic Code, there are in total 13.824 roots in the language. The same roots that may carry a variety of meanings and interpretations; each one susceptible to be overriden by a newer tendence, not so different than the effects so recurrent in natural languages. Nevertheless, Adamic, as a Paleolithic Code, is more conservative than modern dialects in many aspects, and semantic change can take thousands of years before causing significant impact in communication.
Triliteration
One of the most remarkable features of Adamic is its naming prowess by ackowledging a concept into triliteral form. Within the language, such an attribute is encouraged and never seen as arbitrary, because for every combination, an actual word is always being brought and compared against, so that meaning is never scarce. Most often, names of famous figures (fictional or not) ascribe complex ideas within the sequence of consonants, due their association of feats. The transfiguration of names into a triliteral form may be boundless and informal, or follow a select list of rules for further organization:
- Rule 0: Consonants are counted as first-class members, then vowels as second-class (except sounds akin to /a/), and finally semivowels as third-class members. All members being susceptible to be substituted by equivalent sounds.
- Example 1: m and n can be achieved through nasal consonants. Therefore /ŋ/ > n.
- Example 2: p, b, p’, b’, t, d, t’, d’, k, g, k’, and g’ can be achieved through plosives, even if secondary characteristics are present. Therefore /pʰ/ > p’, but /ɸ/ > f.
- Example 3: r and l can be achieved through liquid consonants, even if secondary characteristics are present. Therefore /ɾ/ > r, and /ʎ/ > l.
- Example 4: h and q in special can be achieved through laryngeals, with a treatment of q as voiced. Therefore /ħ/ > h, and /ʁ/ > q.
- Example 5: As there is no /j/ and /w/ in the Adamic Code (except as grammatical semivowels), those sounds become z and v if relevantly voiced. On the other hand, if vowels such as /i/, /e/, /u/, /o/, and /a/ are considered, such sounds are represented by s, z, f, v, and ’ respectively.
- Rule 1 (1 syllable): The first and last members take the initial and final positions, the first member in between them is the medial one, and if there is none, it will be a glottal stop.
- Example 1: Planck yields -p-l-k- "quantum mechanics".
- Example 2: Grimm yields -g-r-m- and not -g-s-m for "folklore", as /r/ is counted before /ɪ/ in both priority and sequence.
- Example 3: Gauss yields -g-v-s- and not -g-’-s- for "mathematics", as /a/ has less priority than the semivowel /w/.
- Rule 2 (2 syllables): The first three members are counted to assume their respective positions, except those members that act as closed codas in a consonant cluster.
- Example 1: Plátōn yields -p-l-t- and not -p-l-n- or -p-t-n- for "metaphysics".
- Example 2: Caesar yields -k-s-r- for "political/militar might".
- Example 3: Darwin yields -d-v-n- and not -d-r-v- or -d-r-n- for "biology", because /ɹ/ acts as a closed coda in the consonant cluster /ɹw/.
- Rule 3 (3 or more syllables): Each first member of the first three syllables takes its respective position.
- Example 1: Sōkratēs yields -s-k-t- for "philosophy".
- Example 2: Aristotélēs yields -’-r-t- for "logic", as every bare initial vowel in a syllable is considered to bear a glottal stop in Adamic.
- Example 3: Lavoisier yields -l-v-z- for "chemistry".
Semantic Derivation
Any root may capture any meaning under a string. As an example:
- [3]qucar "sound/speech" [Diluvian] > -q-f-l- "sound/speech" [Adamic]
The Diluvian Code, as one of main sources for the creolization resulting in the Adamic Code, yields a diverse list of lemmas for the basic vocabulary of the language. It is only natural therefore that the utterance /ˈqût͡səɾ/ influences the sequence /-ɦ-f-l-/, containing approximate sounds. However, such inspirations extend far beyond the basic vocabulary, and are not limited to a single language:
- Sōkratēs "Socrates" [Greek] > -s-k-t- "philosophy" [Adamic]
Another special class of triconsonantal roots is the one containing those influenced by the Pangaean Code. After Diluvian filters are applied, the medial member of a combination is often reserved to a glottal stop, and if able, r is added in the third position to mark it as a primordial construction.
- n̠ "ancientness" [Pangaean] = kna "ancientness" [Diluvian] > -k-’-n- "aging" [Adamic]
- p "bearing" [Pangaean] = pa "bearing" [Diluvian] > -p-’-r- "bearing" [Adamic]
- uħihu "animal" [Pangaean] = au "animal" [Diluvian] > -q-h-f- "animalism" [Adamic]
- ^3 The process involving the triliteration of Diluvian words is particular. Laryngeals follow the currents /h/ > h, /q/ > q, and /χ/ > k’, and the particle /-t͡səɾ/ is regularly transformed into -l-, to list a few examples.
Fusion
Furthermore, roots possess the property of fusion, wherein the possessed element has the first member conserved and the second and third erased, while the possessive element has merely the medial member erased.
- -q-h-f- "animalism" + -p-’-r- "bearing" = -q-p-r- "ensnaring"
Coloration Table
| Type I | Type U | Type A |
|---|---|---|
| h q | n m | l r |
| s z | f v | c ’ |
| k g | p b | t d |
In Adamic, sounds possess the property to transition between consonants and vowels as long as they obey the Coloration Table. More specifically, depending on which class a consonant pertains (mostly divided as guttural, labial, or dental) and whether it is voiced or not, a respective vowel may take its place in certain morphological processes. The member f of -m-f-r- "death", for example, becomes u in mur "dead"; meanwhile, the member v in -d-v-n- "biology" accompanies the realization of dūn "biological".
Patterns
The Adamic Code mostly functions through patterns, or the configuration of vowels in consonantal roots. Beyond the basic forms (referred to as Edenic Patterns), there can be the old ones (Prediluvian Patterns) and the new ones (Postdiluvian Patterns), based on the grammatical structure of the Pangaean and Diluvian Codes respectively, whose comprehesion is a prerequisite for the employment of the transitional tables.
Edenic Patterns
With the exception of verbs, the most fundamental word categories are encompassed by the Edenic Patterns. Through them, roots are easily morphed into practical terms, such as the lemma ādama "ancestry" out of the root -’-d-m- "ancestry" (inspired by the Hebrew name Adam).
| EDENIC NOMINAL | |
|---|---|
| Plain | |
| ∅ | a/a/a/a |
Non-nominal forms are also possible. Regarding the previous root, the followings terms are derived:
- ’ām "ancestral" [adjective]
- ādm- "proto-" [incorporation][4]
- dū "originally" [adverb]
- ādū "back then" [expression]
- ’āū- "fore- (since the beginning)" [prefix][4]
- ām "before (long ago)" [postposition]
| NON-NOMIMAL TRANSFORMATIONS | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjective | Incorporation | Adverb | Expression | Prefix | Postposition | |
| /// ⇒ | /-/ | -// | //- | -/- | /-- | --/ |
Other feature of the Edenic Patterns is [...] triggered in certain syntatic constructions with articles.
| NOMINAL STATES | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absolute | X | /-// | //-/ | -/-/-/- | -/-/-/ | /-/-/- |
| Construct | V̆́XV̆́ | -/V́/ | /V́/-/ | /-//V́C | /-/V́ | -//V́- |
- ^4 Incorporations may equal to expressions (-/-) before consonants, as prefixes may equal to adjectives (/-/) before vowels. Those two word classes distinguish themselves in Adamic by the fact that incorporations modify nouns while prefixes modify verbs. Vide ādūqáfl "proto-language" and ’āmúqul "to foretell since the beginning".
Postdiluvian Patterns
Postdiluvian Patterns usually reinforce basic derivations from the roots, being concerned with concepts such as bare abstractions and the non-finite forms of verbs:
- -k-’-n- "aging" > ka’n "year", kū’n "old person", kānú "to be old" ...
- -q-h-f- "animalism" > qahf "life", quhf "animal", qifú "to live" ...
- -q-p-r- "ensnaring" > qapr "trap", qipr "natural obstacle", úqur "to ensnare" ...
| POSTDILUVIAN NOMINALS | ||
|---|---|---|
| Formal | Informal | |
| a | /a// | //a/ |
| au | /u// | //u/ |
| ao | /ū// | //ū/ |
| aa | /ā// | //ā/ |
| ae | /ī// | //ī/ |
| ai | /i// | //i/ |
Prediluvian Patterns
Prediluvian Patterns are more complex, associated with vast nominal classes and specialized verbal constructions such as participles.
- -p-’-r- "bearing" > paí’ar "possessor", ap’úr "I bear", ápāra "having possessed" ...
- -s-k-t- "philosophy" > saíkat "philosopher", askút "I think/ponder", ásita "having thought/pondered" ...
- -d-v-n- "biology" > daívan "biologist", advún "I enter in a biological process", ádūva "having biologized" ...
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[...]
karaí "cat", qupr "rodent", ... mau "cat",
Inflection
[...] The language gains considerable fusional morphology in the Canonic register.
Triptote Inflection
The Triptote Inflection is often secluded to articles and pronouns, which are inflect by case, number, definition and/or gender :
- six cases: nominative, accusative, dative, copulative, ergative, and genitive.
- three definitions: definite, indefinite, and nomic.
Case, number, and gender are ubiquitous while definition is dropped in pronouns. The result is 108 permutations known to reduce grammatical functions thanks to a trio of particles (i, u, and a) specialized in capturing meaning. Vide:
- -i̯ (dative) [Pangaean] ⇒ _i (dative) [Adamic]
- ∅ (nominative) [Pangaean] ⇒ _u (nominative) [Adamic]
- -ʔ (accusative) [Pangaean] ⇒ _a (accusative) [Adamic]
To serve their purpose, right-led case particles (_Vcas) combine with definition particles (Vdef) in the formula _VdefVcas to generate articles, while pronouns are formed by stacking the former with pronoun roots (Cpro) as in _CproVcas. Furthermore, as articles are treated as clitics but pronouns aren't, the empty space _ is filled by a nominal unit when an article, otherwise the particle a fills this role when a pronoun. Vide:
- _iru (definite article) ⇒ avâla iru "the person" (nominative)
- _nu (1st-person) ⇒ anu "I" (nominative)
When opposite functions are wished, on the other hand, one has solely to invert the empty space:
- iru_ (definite article) ⇒ iru avâla "it's the person" (copulative)
- nu_ (1st-person) ⇒ nua "it's me" (copulative)
Regarding the demarcations of gender and number, the singular, dual, and plural in the masculine are prototypically represented by -u, -au, and -ū, whereas in the feminine by -i, -ai, and -ī, with the plural demarcation actually behaving as V̄ (depending on other terms to define a vowel). The masculine, in special, can often be left unmarked in the singular (∅).
Gender, contrary to last terms, functions as a dual scheme in Adamic. For every word, it is conceived a pair wherein there are "material" (i) and "immaterial" (u) members, in such way that a predictable gender system is formed within the language. "Earthly" concepts such as "earth", "water", and "sea" are always feminine, in contrast with "heavenly" terms akin to "sky", "fire", and "clouds", masculine. Other correspondences clearly extend to objects such as domestic items and abstract phenomena, respectively.
| MASCULINE ARTICLE DECLENSION | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||
| Definite | Indefinite | Nomic | Definite | Indefinite | Nomic | Definite | Indefinite | Nomic | |
| Nominative | _iru | _uru | _aru | _irau | _urau | _arau | _irū(N) | _urū(N) | _arū(N) |
| Accusative | _ira | _ura | _ara | _irāu | _urāu | _arāu | _irā(N) | _urā(N) | _arā(N) |
| Dative | _iri | _uri | _ari | _iraui | _uraui | _araui | _irī(N) | _urī(N) | _arī(N) |
| Copulative | iru_ | uru_ | aru_ | irau_ | urau_ | arau_ | irū(N)_ | urū(N)_ | arū(N)_ |
| Ergative | ira_ | ura_ | ara_ | irāu_ | urāu_ | arāu_ | irā(N)_ | urā(N)_ | arā(N)_ |
| Genitive | iri_ | uri_ | ari_ | iraui_ | uraui_ | araui_ | irī(N)_ | urī(N)_ | arī(N)_ |
| FEMININE ARTICLE DECLENSION | |||||||||
| Nominative | _irui(C) | _urui(C) | _arui(C) | _iraiu | _uraiu | _araiu | _irūi(N) | _urūi(N) | _arūi(N) |
| Accusative | _irai(C) | _urai(C) | _arai(C) | _irāi | _urāi | _arāi | _irā(N) | _urā(N) | _arā(N) |
| Dative | _iri(C) | _uri(C) | _ari(C) | _irai | _urai | _arai | _irī(N) | _urī(N) | _arī(N) |
| Copulative | irui(C)_ | urui(C)_ | arui(C)_ | iraiu_ | uraiu_ | araiu_ | irū(N)_ | urū(N)_ | arū(N)_ |
| Ergative | irai(C)_ | urai(C)_ | arai(C)_ | irāi_ | urāi_ | arāi_ | irāi(N)_ | urāi(N)_ | arāi(N)_ |
| Genitive | iri(C)_ | uri(C)_ | ari(C)_ | irai_ | urai_ | arai_ | irīa(N)_ | urīa(N)_ | arīa(N)_ |
| MASCULINE PRONOUN DECLENSION (EURASIAN) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||
| 2nd-person | 1st-person | 3rd-person | 2nd-person | 1st-person | 3rd-person | 2nd-person | 1st-person | 3rd-person | |
| Nominative | atu | anu | asu | atau | anau | asau | atū(N) | anū(N) | asū(N) |
| Accusative | ata | ana | asa | atāu | anāu | asāu | atā(N) | anā(N) | asā(N) |
| Dative | ati | ani | asi | ataui | anaui | asaui | atī(N) | anī(N) | asī(N) |
| Copulative | tua | nua | sua | tau(a) | nau(a) | sau(a) | tūa(N) | nūa(N) | sūa(N) |
| Ergative | tā(u) | nā(u) | sā(u) | tāu(a) | nāu(a) | sāu(a) | tā(uaN) | nā(uaN) | sā(uaN) |
| Genitive | tia | nia | sia | taui(a) | naui(a) | saui(a) | tīa(N) | nīa(N) | sīa(N) |
| FEMININE PRONOUN DECLENSION (EURASIAN) | |||||||||
| Nominative | atui(C) | anui(C) | asui(C) | ataiu | anaiu | asaiu | atūi(N) | anūi(N) | asūi(N) |
| Accusative | atai(C) | anai(C) | asai(C) | atāi | anāi | asāi | atāi(N) | anāi(N) | asāi(N) |
| Dative | ati(C) | ani(C) | asi(C) | atai | anai | asai | atī(N) | anī(N) | asī(N) |
| Copulative | tiua(C) | niua(C) | siua(C) | taiu(a) | naiu(a) | saiu(a) | tūia(N) | nūia(N) | sūia(N) |
| Ergative | tāi(C) | nāi(C) | sāi(C) | tāi(a) | nāi(a) | sāi(a) | tāia(N) | nāia(N) | sāia(N) |
| Genitive | tia(C) | nia(C) | sia(C) | tai(a) | nai(a) | sai(a) | tīa(N) | nīa(N) | sīa(N) |
| MASCULINE PRONOUN DECLENSION (LAURASIAN) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||
| 2nd-person | 1st-person | 3rd-person | 2nd-person | 1st-person | 3rd-person | 2nd-person | 1st-person | 3rd-person | |
| Nominative | apu | aku | au | apau | akau | āu | apū(N) | akū(N) | aū(N) |
| Accusative | apa | aka | ā | apāu | akāu | āu | apā(N) | akā(N) | ā(N) |
| Dative | api | aki | ai | apaui | akaui | āui | apī(N) | akī(N) | aī(N) |
| Copulative | pua | kua | ua | pau(a) | kau(a) | au(a) | pūa(N) | kūa(N) | ūa(N) |
| Ergative | pā(u) | kā(u) | ā(u) | pāu(a) | kāu(a) | āu(a) | pā(uaN) | kā(uaN) | ā(uaN) |
| Genitive | pia | kia | ia | paui(a) | kaui(a) | aui(a) | pīa(N) | kīa(N) | īa(N) |
| FEMININE PRONOUN DECLENSION (LAURASIAN) | |||||||||
| Nominative | apui(C) | akui(C) | aui(C) | apaiu | akaiu | āiu | apūi(N) | akūi(N) | aūi(N) |
| Accusative | apai(C) | akai(C) | āi(C) | apāi | akāi | āi | apāi(N) | akāi(N) | āi(N) |
| Dative | api(C) | aki(C) | ai(C) | apai | akai | āi | apī(N) | akī(N) | aī(N) |
| Copulative | piua(C) | kiua(C) | iua(C) | paiu(a) | kaiu(a) | aiu(a) | pūia(N) | kūia(N) | ūia(N) |
| Ergative | pāi(C) | kāi(C) | āi(C) | pāi(a) | kāi(a) | āi(a) | pāia(N) | kāia(N) | āia(N) |
| Genitive | pia(C) | kia(C) | ia(C) | pai(a) | kai(a) | ai(a) | pīa(N) | kīa(N) | īa(N) |
- The term (C) refers to feminine constructions other than -i, such as combinations with Diluvian particles: -’a, -i’a, -a’i, -ica’, and -’aci.
- The term (N) refers to plural constructions with Diluvian particles. Vide -ūan and -ūn in the masculine, whereas -īan, -īn, -ī'an, -a’īn, -a’īan, -īca’an, -’acīan, -īca’n, and -’acīn in the feminine.
Agglutinative Inflection
[...]
Canonic Inflection
Some affixes are exclusive to the Canonic Form of Adamic, which benefits from the Coloration Table in order to assign grammatical significance to its phonemes, now synthetic.
| CANONIC DECLENSION | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||||
| Definite | Indefinite | Nomic | Definite | Indefinite | Nomic | |
| Nominative | -h[0][1][2][3], -∅[4], -ay[A][B] | -n[0][1][2][3], -∅[4], -aw[A][B] | -l[0][1][2][3], -∅[4], -a[A][B] | -q[0][1][2][3], -∅[4], -āy[A], -ēia[B] | -m[0][1][2][3], -∅[4], -āw[A], -ōua[B] | -r[0][1][2][3], -∅[4], -ā[A][B] |
| Accusative | -s[0][1], -∅[2][3][4], -i[A][B] | -f[0][2], -∅[1][3][4], -u[A][B] | -c[0][3], -∅[1][2][4], -a[A] | -z[0], -za[1][2][3], -∅[4], -ī[A][B] | -v[0], -va[1][2][3], -∅[4], -ū[A][B] | -'[0], -'a[1][2][3], -∅[4], -ā[A] |
| Dative | -k[0][3], -s[1], -h[2], -∅[4], -ya[A], -e[B] | -p[0][3], -n[1], -f[2], -∅[4], -wa[A], -o[B] | -t[0][3], -l[2], -∅[1][4], -a[A][B] | -g[0], -za[1], -q[2], -ga[3], -∅[4], -yā[A][B] | -b[0], -m[1], -va[2], -ba[3], -∅[4], -wā[A][B] | -d[0], -'a[1], -r[2], -da[3], -∅[4], -ā[A][B] |
| Copulative | a-X-h[0][1][2][3], a-X-∅[4], ay-[A][B] | a-X-n[0][1][2][3], a-X-∅[4], aw-[A][B] | a-X-l[0][1][2][3], a-X-∅[4], a-[A][B] | a-X-q[0][1][2][3], a-X-∅[4], āy-[A], ēi-[B] | a-X-m[0][1][2][3], a-X-∅[4], āw-[A], ōu-[B] | a-X-r[0][1][2][3], a-X-∅[4], ā-[A][B] |
| Ergative | a-X-s[0][1], a-X-∅[2][3][4], i-[A][B] | a-X-f[0][2], a-X-∅[1][3][4], u-[A][B] | a-X-c[0][3], a-X-∅[1][2][4], a-[A] | a-X-z[0], a-X-za[1][2][3], a-X-∅[4], ī-[A][B] | a-X-v[0], -va[1][2][3], a-X-∅[4], ū-[A][B] | a-X-'[0], a-X-'a[1][2][3], a-X-∅[4], ā-[A] |
| Genitive | a-X-k[0][3], a-X-s[1], a-X-h[2], a-X-∅[4], ya-[A], e-[B] | a-X-p[0][3], a-X-n[1], -f[2], a-X-∅[4], wa-[A], o-[B] | a-X-t[0][3], a-X-l[2], a-X-∅[1][4], a-[A][B] | a-X-g[0], a-X-za[1], a-X-q[2], a-X-ga[3], a-X-∅[4], yā-[A][B] | a-X-b[0], a-X-m[1], a-X-va[2], a-X-ba[3], a-X-∅[4], wā-[A][B] | a-X-d[0], a-X-'a[1], a-X-r[2], a-X-da[3], a-X-∅[4], ā-[A][B] |
^0 Consonantal stem; ^1 I-stem; ^2 U-stem; ^3 A-stem; ^4 Repeated stem; ^A Vocalic stem; ^B Irregular stem.
The canonic conjugation, for lacking the subjunctive and junctive functions or a finite verb, and the presence of non-finite forms, is relegated as a class of enunciative constructions often associated with literary practices. That is: canonic verbs appear in narration solely, or when an event is being described without biases. Vide the translation of "'I think that he is dead,' he said":
- "murá-su, askút," quat
| CANONIC CONJUGATION | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||||
| 2nd-person | 1st-person | 3rd-person | 2nd-person | 1st-person | 3rd-person | |
| Active Future | -h[0][1][2][3], -∅[4], -ay[A][B] | -n[0][1][2][3], -∅[4], -aw[A][B] | -l[0][1][2][3], -∅[4], -a[A][B] | -q[0][1][2][3], -∅[4], -āy[A], -ēia[B] | -m[0][1][2][3], -∅[4], -āw[A], -ōua[B] | -r[0][1][2][3], -∅[4], -ā[A][B] |
| Active Present | -s[0][1], -∅[2][3][4], -i[A][B] | -f[0][2], -∅[1][3][4], -u[A][B] | -c[0][3], -∅[1][2][4], -a[A] | -z[0], -za[1][2][3], -∅[4], -ī[A][B] | -v[0], -va[1][2][3], -∅[4], -ū[A][B] | -'[0], -'a[1][2][3], -∅[4], -ā[A] |
| Active Past | -k[0][3], -s[1], -h[2], -∅[4], -ya[A], -e[B] | -p[0][3], -n[1], -f[2], -∅[4], -wa[A], -o[B] | -t[0][3], -l[2], -∅[1][4], -a[A][B] | -g[0], -za[1], -q[2], -ga[3], -∅[4], -yā[A][B] | -b[0], -m[1], -va[2], -ba[3], -∅[4], -wā[A][B] | -d[0], -'a[1], -r[2], -da[3], -∅[4], -ā[A][B] |
| Passive Future | h-X-a[0][1][2][3], ∅-X-a[4], ay-[A][B] | n-X-a[0][1][2][3], a-X-∅[4], aw-[A][B] | l-X-a[0][1][2][3], ∅-X-a[4], a-[A][B] | q-X-a[0][1][2][3], ∅-X-a[4], āy-[A], ēi-[B] | m-X-a[0][1][2][3], ∅-X-a[4], āw-[A], ōu-[B] | r-X-a[0][1][2][3], ∅-X-a[4], ā-[A][B] |
| Passive Present | s-X-a[0][1], ∅-X-a[2][3][4], i-[A][B] | f-X-a[0][2], ∅-X-a[1][3][4], u-[A][B] | c-X-a[0][3], ∅-X-a[1][2][4], a-[A] | z-X-a[0], za-X-a[1][2][3], ∅-X-a[4], ī-[A][B] | v-X-a[0], va-X-a[1][2][3], ∅-X-a[4], ū-[A][B] | '-X-a[0], 'a-X-a[1][2][3], ∅-X-a[4], ā-[A] |
| Passive Past | k-X-a[0][3], s-X-a[1], h-X-a[2], ∅-X-a[4], ya-[A], e-[B] | p-X-a[0][3], n-X-a[1], f-X-a[2], ∅-X-a[4], wa-[A], o-[B] | t-X-a[0][3], l-X-a[2], ∅-X-a[1][4], a-[A][B] | g-X-a[0], za-X-a[1], q-X-a[2], ga-X-a[3], ∅-X-a[4], yā-[A][B] | b-X-a[0], m-X-a[1], va-X-a[2], ba-X-a[3], ∅-X-a[4], wā-[A][B] | d-X-a[0], 'a-X-a[1], r-X-a[2], da-X-a[3], ∅-X-a[4], ā-[A][B] |
^0 Consonantal stem; ^1 I-stem; ^2 U-stem; ^3 A-stem; ^4 Repeated stem; ^A Vocalic stem; ^B Irregular stem.
The Canonic Declension distinguishes itself from the Canonic Conjugation merely by inverting the inclusion of -a-. Compare the pair zīs "to the giant" / azīs "the giant's" with kāuf "I kill" / iāpa "I am killed".
Syntax
Construct State
The so called Construct State plays an important role in adamic syntax, being responsible for distinguishing compositions among themselves in order to make sense of a select class of grammatical cases in the articles. The nominative, oblique, accusative, ergative, dative, and genitive for once, trigger the Construct State below:
סכת
skt
saíkat
philosophy.intorg
ר
r
iru
the.nom
ואל
v'l
valár
person.idt.cons
"The philosopher is a person"
סכת
skt
siktí
philosophy.intorg.ddt.cons
ר
r
aru
a.obl
ואל
v'l
avâla
person
"It's a person, the philosopher"
סכת
skt
saíkat
philosophy.intorg
ר
r
ira
the.acc
ואל
v'l
valár
person.idt.cons
"The philosopher is influenced by a person"
סכת
skt
siktí
philosophy.intorg.ddt.cons
ר
r
ara
a.erg
ואל
v'l
avâla
person
"A person influences the philosopher"
סכת
skt
saíkat
philosophy.intorg
ר
r
iri
the.dat
ואל
v'l
valár
person.idt.cons
"A person to the philosopher"
סכת
skt
siktí
philosophy.intorg.ddt.cons
ר
r
ari
a.gen
ואל
v'l
avâla
person
"A person's philosopher"
With secondary cases, syntax remains the same, although more complex senses are conveyed. Compare datasyú irut siktí "in the library, is the philosopher" and adtís irut saíkat "the philosopher is in the library".
Verbal Constructions
Default OSV in the active voice, except when the object is a pronoun, wherein it takes the SVO form:
דתס
dts
dîtis
writing.inhu.ddt.cons
ר
r
ira
the.erg
סכת
skt
saíkat
philosophy.intorg
בבל
bbl
ābūlá
book.vac.perf.3s
"The philosopher read the book"
Default SPV in the passive voice, except when the predicate is a pronoun, wherein it takes the SVP form:
דתס
dts
dîts
writing.inhu
ר
r
ira
the.acc
סכת
skt
siktí
philosophy.intorg.ddt.cons
בבל
bbl
bābál
book.vpa.perf.3s
"The book was read by the philosopher"
Default OSV in the medio-passive voice:
דתס
dts
adtís
writing.ddt.cons
רת
rt
irat
the.erg.loc
סכת
skt
saíkat
philosophy.intorg
בבל
bbl
ābbál
book.vmp.perf.3s
"The philosopher read in the library"
Default OSVP in the experimental voice:
דתס
dts
adtís
writing.ddt.cons
רת
rt
irat
the.erg.loc
סכת
skt
saíkat
philosophy.intorg
בבל
bbl
bālá
book.vex.perf.3s
"The philosopher happened to have read in the library"
Default O2O1SV in the causative voice:
דתס
dts
dîtis
writing.inhu.ddt.cons
ואל
v'l
valír
person.ddt.cons
ר
r
ira
the.erg
סכת
skt
saíkat
philosophy.intorg
בבל
bbl
bāblá
book.vca.perf.3s
"The philosopher made the person to have read the book"
Default OSPV in the obligative voice:
דתס
dts
dîtis
writing.inhu.ddt.cons
ואל
v'l
avâla
person
ר
r
ira
the.acc
סכת
skt
siktí
philosophy.intorg.ddt.cons
בבל
bbl
ābábl
book.vob.perf.3s
"The person was forced by the philosopher to have read the book"
It is important to notice the difference between dîtis adtís irat saíkat abūlá and datasyú irut dîtis ira saíkat abūlá, which although both signify "the philosopher reads the book in the library", only the former implies the action of reading occurs there, whereas the latter implies the book was in the library aforementioned.
Pronominal Constructions
Unlike nouns, pronouns don't require articles (ones says anu valár "I am a person" and not *anu iru valár). Also, when in construct state, they become clitics, either attached to nouns or the verbs they are objects/predicates of:
דתס
dts
dîts
writing.inhu
ר
r
ira
the.acc
בבלת
bblt
bābál-at
book.vpa.perf.3s-you.cons
"The book was read by you"
ר
r
ira
the.erg
סכת
skt
saíkat
philosophy.intorg
קסלת
qslt
āqilá-ta
vision.vac.perf.3s-you.cons
"The philosopher saw you"
Furthermore, there is an exceptional construction which always involves pronouns; being the case when something is attributed to a noun.
מפרנ
mfrn
murá-nu
death.adj-I
"I am dead"
סכת
skt
saíkat
philosophy.intorg
מפרס
mfrs
murá-su
death.adj-they
"the philosopher is dead"
Subordinate Clauses
bîbliru "the book" babál sa bîblira "the book which is being read' bîblira, sa babál "the book, which is being read"
they say that I want to work tommorrow, in order to earn money; me, who knew nothing about it
mur su saíkat iru "the philosopher who is dead" saíkat su mur iru "the philosopher, who is dead"
abbál sa saíkat "the philosopher who reads" saíkat sa abbál "the philosopher, who reads"
nāk āqfúl-as "I spoke with him" abbál sa saíkat irak āqfúl "I spoke with the philosopher who reads" sak āqfúl "whom I spoke with" subject pronoun ommitted
sa abbál "he reads" saíkat sa abbál
murásu, askút "I think he is dead"
tu nuī "you and me" murátu ī muránu "you are dead and I am dead"
saíkat bûlū "philosopher or fool" sitátu ū būlátu
Have him to do it
Babla
'u'rá "so that he makes them do it"
Canonic
The Adamic Code can be spoken in a poetic register, called Canonic, where the Coloration Table is almost abused in grammatical restructuration. In this register, for example, sound laws follow coloration rules, as well as cases and verbal conjugations, in such form that another language is created within the language after abandoning the system of patterns. Vide the translation of "I think the person is dead":
- avâla murá-su, askút (Adamic) > vāh muris, sia (Canonic)
Laws of Accrescence
RULE: íku > iza, ikú > aqu ... askút = sia "I think", sian "I will think"
∅ = sēzu "I philosophize", sēgau "I will philosophize"
Íz > IgÁ
Úq > UgÁ
Í' > IdÁ
Úr > UdÁ
Ím > IbÁ
Úv > UbÁ
/g/ > /z/ when next to /i/
- gīg > zīl "giant"
/g/ > /ɦ/ when next to /u/
/k/ > /s/ when next to /i/
- saíkat > sēzal (*sēsal) "philosopher"
/k/ > /h/ when next to /u/
- kun > hul "dog"
/t/ > /ts/ when next to /i/
- daítas > eal (**ecal) "writer"
/t/ > /l/ when next to /u/
- tu > lu "you"
/d/ > /ʔ/ when next to /i/
- dîts > īl
/d/ > /r/ when nex to /u/
- dûts > rūl
/p/ > /f/ when next to /u/
/p/ > /n/ when next to /i/
/b/ > /v/ when next to /u/
- bûl > ūvūl "fool"
/b/ > /m/ when next to /i/ Ex: bîbl > mīblal "book"
Laws of Excrescence
/l/ > /lb/ when intervocalic before /a/ EX: agalala > galba "cosmos"
/r/ > /rd/ when intervocalic before /a/ EX: ira > irda
/n/ > /nd/ when intervocalic before /a/
/m/ > /mb/ when intervocalic before /a/
/h/ > /i̯/ when intervocalic before /a/
/ɦ/ > /u̯/ when intervocalic before /a/
Laws of Decrescence
/s/ > /∅/ when marginal (except when next to /i/)
/z/ > /∅/ when marginal (except when next to /i/)
/ts/ > /∅/ when marginal (except when next to /a/)
/ʔ/ > /∅/ when marginal (except when next to /a/)
/f/ > /∅/ when marginal (except when next to /u/)
/v/ > /∅/ when marginal (except when next to /u/)
Laws of Elision
Syncope: in a word with three syllables or more, the middle unstressed syllable is lost (except if its sonority value is higher than its antecedant) EX: datasyú > dasyl
Apocape: in a word with three syllables or more, the initial unstressed syllable is lost (except if its sonority value is higher than its posterior) EX: apâla > pāl
Aphaeresis: in a word with three syllables or more, the last unstressed syllable is lost (except if it has coda). Also, the last consonant or consonantal cluster (regardless of the number of syllables in a word) is lost. EX: avâla > vāl
Laws of Epenthesis
Prothesis: in a word with two or just one syllable, if there is an initial consonant cluster, a vowel (depending on the nature of the consonant) is added. EX: ...
Anaptyxis: in a word with two or just one syllable, if there is a middle consonant cluster, the vowel /a/ is added. EX: 'atlya > adalyal
Paragoge: in a word with two or just one syllable, if there is a final consonant cluster, a vowel (depending on the nature of the consonant). EX: palk > palsil
Laws of Harmony
(used in special cases of other laws)
Haplology: dadasa > dasa
Compensatory lengthening bûl (*bbûl) > *uvvūl > ūvūl gal (*gall) > *galla > gāla
Metathesis: glides only where the stress is garda, gráda, gadrá
adtís > addís
Final devoicing dad > dat
Intervocalic voicing ata > ada
/ai̯/ > /eː/
/i̯a/ > /e/
/au̯/ > /oː/
/u̯a/ > /o/
/u̯i/~/ui̯/ > /ɯ/~/yː/
/i̯u/~/iu̯/ > /y/~/ɯː/
/e/ > /i/
/o/ > /u/
Word derivation is less intricate in Canonic.
skt > saga, sazēia (-) / sia, siēia / kada, kaēia (+)
gll > galba, gallēia (-) / galba, gallēia / alba, allēia (+)
krp > karda, karrēia (-) / kāba, kāmēia / raba, ramēia (+)
qfl > qava, qavēia (-) / qulba, qullēia / falba, fallēia (+)
karda "murder" > karri "murderer" / karru "victim", raba "execution" > rami "executioner" / ravu "prisoner"
i (concrete, active terms) / u (abstract, passive terms)
qiat azīs hu "he saw the giant's dog"
avāda sazēia "the temptations of humans"
k’ālú "to be in a place"