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Logun: Difference between revisions
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Logun vowels contrast on nasality with oral and nasal vowels. These nasal vowels are generally orthographically represented by a proceeding ⟨n⟩; in the case of an oral vowel-nasal consonant cluster, the vowel is accented with a grave accent, for example ''den'' [[Help:IPA|[ˈdẽ]]] "to move" vs ''dèn'' [[Help:IPA|[ˈdɛn]]] "very". In the case of a nasal vowel-nasal consonant, the ⟨n⟩ is doubled, as in ''benun'' [[Help:IPA|[pɛˈnʊ̃]]] "nut" vs ''bhenunn'' [[Help:IPA|[ˈpˠɛnʊ̃n]]] "plateau". | Logun vowels contrast on nasality with oral and nasal vowels. These nasal vowels are generally orthographically represented by a proceeding ⟨n⟩; in the case of an oral vowel-nasal consonant cluster, the vowel is accented with a grave accent, for example ''den'' [[Help:IPA|[ˈdẽ]]] "to move" vs ''dèn'' [[Help:IPA|[ˈdɛn]]] "very". In the case of a nasal vowel-nasal consonant, the ⟨n⟩ is doubled, as in ''benun'' [[Help:IPA|[pɛˈnʊ̃]]] "nut" vs ''bhenunn'' [[Help:IPA|[ˈpˠɛnʊ̃n]]] "plateau". | ||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
===Personal pronouns=== | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan=2 | !! Singular !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | First<br>person | |||
! Inclusive | |||
| rowspan=2 | ''bhe'' || ''katan'' | |||
|- | |||
! Exclusive | |||
| ''ùnkan'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | Second person | |||
! neutral | |||
| ''onn'' || ''ngòn''{{efn|Rarely used in modern speech; mostly used only in speeches. Derived from ''yo ngàn''}} | |||
|- | |||
! formal{{efn|name=formal|Used primarily when referring to [[Teš]] monks; the term ''onlak'' is also borrowed from Teš.}} | |||
| colspan=2 | ''onlak'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=4 | Third person | |||
! masc. | |||
| colspan=2 | ''ambh'' | |||
|- | |||
! fem. | |||
| ''mon'' || ''sèna'' | |||
|- | |||
! neut. | |||
| ''yoth'' || ''ayoth'' | |||
|- | |||
! formal{{efn|name=formal}} | |||
| ''yo ngàn'' || ''ayo ngàn'' | |||
|} | |||
The use of the formal third-person pronoun ''yo ngàn'' and ''ayo ngàn'' are borrowed from [[Teš]]; reanalysed from ''hī ōncan'' "this honourable minister". This also lead to the modern use of the word ''ngàn'' to mean "holy". | |||
===Word order=== | ===Word order=== | ||
Logun's word order changes based on the object of the sentence. For example, in nominative-accusative phrases, the word order is SVO: | Logun's word order changes based on the object of the sentence. For example, in nominative-accusative phrases, the word order is SVO: | ||