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Cmanc: Difference between revisions
(Verbs) |
(Noun Cases, Adjective Cases, Small Tweaks) |
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
==Syntax== | |||
===Constituent order=== | |||
===Nouns=== | |||
Every noun needs to follow and be contained within one of the categories below, determined by the vowel of the last syllable. | |||
==== Classes ==== | |||
* Objects, Elements: -u | |||
* Instruments, Vehicles: -μ | |||
* Fluids: -o | |||
* Natural Phenomena: -ϰ | |||
* Life, Living beings: -a | |||
* Social, Dialogue: -ϕ | |||
* Time: -ω | |||
* Abstract, Ideas: -ı | |||
* Collectives, Plurals: -e | |||
* Parts, Components: -ε | |||
==== Cases ==== | |||
Additionally, any noun can be inflected in case by using a specific final character at the last syllable of the noun. | |||
< | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Noun Cases | |||
|- | |||
! Case !! Final !! Indicates | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Absolutive Case</center> || <center>none</center> || <center>Intransitive Subject<br>Transitive Object<br>Ditransitive Indirect Object</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Ergative Case</center> || <center>-s</center> || <center>Transitive Subject</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Dative Case</center> || <center>-ϝ</center> || <center>Ditransitive Direct Object</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Genitive Case</center> || <center>-ϱ</center> || <center>Inalienable Possessor</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Possessive Case</center> || <center>-m</center> || <center>Alienable Possessor</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Originative Case</center> || <center>-τγ</center> || <center>Origin<br>Material</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Lative Case</center> || <center>-ϧγ</center> || <center>Direction Target<br>Motion Target</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Comitative Case</center> || <center>-o</center> || <center>Company<br>Assistance</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Evidential Case</center> || <center>-ϩ</center> || <center>Witness</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Locative Case</center> || <center>-n</center> || <center>Location</center> | |||
|} | |||
===Adjectives=== | |||
Adjectives | |||
--> | Adjectives have the last syllable with "η/ie" as the vowel. Adjectives also have cases, which is represented by the final used at the last syllable. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Adjective Cases | |||
|- | |||
! Case !! Final !! Indicates | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Prepositive Case</center> || <center>none</center> || <center>Modifies the Proceding Noun</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Postpositive Case</center> || <center>-s</center> || <center>Modifies the Preceding Noun</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Adverbial Case</center> || <center>-τγ</center> || <center>Adverbs</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Subjective Case</center> || <center>-m</center> || <center>Opinions</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Superlative Case</center> || <center>-ϧγ</center> || <center>Comparisons with 3+ Entities</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>Comparative Case</center> || <center>-ϱ</center> || <center>Comparisons with 2 Entities</center> | |||
|} | |||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
The base form of verbs have a final -κκ. Conjugation is done by adding an extra syllable at the end, each part of the extra syllable acts as an unique modifier to the verb. | The base form of verbs have a final "-κκ/-kh". Conjugation is done by adding an extra syllable at the end, each part of the extra syllable acts as an unique modifier to the verb. | ||
==== Forms ==== | ==== Forms ==== | ||
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===== Infinitive Form ===== | ===== Infinitive Form ===== | ||
The base form of the verb (ends in -κκ). Acts as a noun that represents the action being done. | The base form of the verb (ends in "-κκ/-kh"). Acts as a noun that represents the action being done. | ||
===== Participle Form ===== | ===== Participle Form ===== | ||
Terminates in -κκnη. Acts as an adjective that means "one that/which <verb>", it is equivalent to the Habitual Aspect, but without needing a relative particle. | Terminates in "-κκnη/-khnie". Acts as an adjective that means "one that/which <verb>", it is equivalent to the Habitual Aspect, but without needing a relative particle. | ||
===== Agentive Form ===== | ===== Agentive Form ===== | ||
Terminates in -κκmμ. Acts as a noun that represents one that performs the verb, equivalent to the -er termination in English. | Terminates in "-κκmμ/-khmuo". Acts as a noun that represents one that performs the verb, equivalent to the -er termination in English. | ||
==== Moods (consonant) ==== | ==== Moods (consonant) ==== | ||
Verbal moods are represented by the consonant of the modifier syllable after -κκ. | Verbal moods are represented by the consonant of the modifier syllable after "-κκ/-kh". | ||
===== Indicative Mood ===== | ===== Indicative Mood ===== | ||
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===== Inferential Mood ===== | ===== Inferential Mood ===== | ||
Uses the consonant "ϝ". Represents an action that was not witnessed and/or is uncertain. | Uses the consonant "ϝ/f". Represents an action that was not witnessed and/or is uncertain. | ||
===== Imperative Mood ===== | ===== Imperative Mood ===== | ||
Uses the consonant "ϧγ". Represents a request done directly to the second person, the subject is optional when using this verbal mood. | Uses the consonant "ϧγ/dj". Represents a request done directly to the second person, the subject is optional when using this verbal mood. | ||
===== Jussive Mood ===== | ===== Jussive Mood ===== | ||
Uses the consonant "ϧ". Represents a request, suggestion or advice done to the third person, This third person can be specified with an extra noun in the ergative case immediately after the verb. | Uses the consonant "ϧ/d". Represents a request, suggestion or advice done to the third person, This third person can be specified with an extra noun in the ergative case immediately after the verb. | ||
===== Potential Mood ===== | ===== Potential Mood ===== | ||
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===== Presumptive Mood ===== | ===== Presumptive Mood ===== | ||
Uses the consonant "ϩ". Represents an hypothesis or a supposition being presented by the speaker. | Uses the consonant "ϩ/sj". Represents an hypothesis or a supposition being presented by the speaker. | ||
===== Optative Mood ===== | ===== Optative Mood ===== | ||
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===== Epistemic Mood ===== | ===== Epistemic Mood ===== | ||
Uses the consonant "v". Represents a belief or opinion of the speaker. | Uses the consonant "v/w". Represents a belief or opinion of the speaker. | ||
==== Voice (vowel) ==== | ==== Voice (vowel) ==== | ||
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===== Antipassive Voice ===== | ===== Antipassive Voice ===== | ||
Uses the vowel "ε". In this voice the object is not present, and the verb is treated as intransitive. | Uses the vowel "ε/ea". In this voice the object is not present, and the verb is treated as intransitive. | ||
===== Impersonal Voice ===== | ===== Impersonal Voice ===== | ||
Uses the vowel "ϰ". In this voice the subject is not present. | Uses the vowel "ϰ/oc". In this voice the subject is not present. | ||
==== Aspect (final) ==== | ==== Aspect (final) ==== | ||
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===== Habitual Aspect ===== | ===== Habitual Aspect ===== | ||
Uses the final "-κκ". Indicates that the event is done regularly as a routine, habit or tradition. | Uses the final "-κκ/-kh". Indicates that the event is done regularly as a routine, habit or tradition. | ||
===== Stative Aspect ===== | ===== Stative Aspect ===== | ||
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===== Iterative Aspect ===== | ===== Iterative Aspect ===== | ||
Uses the final "-τγ". Indicates an event that is being done again or multiple times in a row. | Uses the final "-τγ/-th". Indicates an event that is being done again or multiple times in a row. | ||
===Sentence phrase=== | ===Sentence phrase=== | ||
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[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||
[[Category:A priori]] | |||
[[Category:Ergative-absolutive languages]] |
Revision as of 20:48, 28 March 2025
cmanc ϕmanϕ | |
---|---|
Pronunciation: | /ɑ.'ma.nɑ/ |
Spoken in: | Anywhere |
Region: | Anyplace |
Total speakers: | None |
Ranking: | Dead last |
Language family: | Language isolate |
Writing system: | cmanc script |
Official status | |
Official language in: | No official status |
Regulated by: | unregulated |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-1 | |
ISO 639-2 | |
SIL | |
See also: Language – Lists of languages |
Everyone should learn this lang :D
More info on: https://howlingwolfriend.neocities.org/lang
Phonology
Vowels | Front | Central | Back |
---|---|---|---|
/y/ |
/u/ | ||
Consonants | Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
/g/ |
||||||||
/dʒ/ |
||||||||
Orthography
Character | Romanization | Sound |
---|---|---|
Character | Romanization | Sound |
---|---|---|
Character | Romanization | Sound | Note |
---|---|---|---|
except u and uo/μ | |||
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Syntax
Constituent order
Nouns
Every noun needs to follow and be contained within one of the categories below, determined by the vowel of the last syllable.
Classes
- Objects, Elements: -u
- Instruments, Vehicles: -μ
- Fluids: -o
- Natural Phenomena: -ϰ
- Life, Living beings: -a
- Social, Dialogue: -ϕ
- Time: -ω
- Abstract, Ideas: -ı
- Collectives, Plurals: -e
- Parts, Components: -ε
Cases
Additionally, any noun can be inflected in case by using a specific final character at the last syllable of the noun.
Case | Final | Indicates |
---|---|---|
Transitive Object Ditransitive Indirect Object | ||
Material | ||
Motion Target | ||
Assistance | ||
Adjectives
Adjectives have the last syllable with "η/ie" as the vowel. Adjectives also have cases, which is represented by the final used at the last syllable.
Case | Final | Indicates |
---|---|---|
Verbs
The base form of verbs have a final "-κκ/-kh". Conjugation is done by adding an extra syllable at the end, each part of the extra syllable acts as an unique modifier to the verb.
Forms
Verbal forms don't accept other modifiers and are used standalone.
Infinitive Form
The base form of the verb (ends in "-κκ/-kh"). Acts as a noun that represents the action being done.
Participle Form
Terminates in "-κκnη/-khnie". Acts as an adjective that means "one that/which <verb>", it is equivalent to the Habitual Aspect, but without needing a relative particle.
Agentive Form
Terminates in "-κκmμ/-khmuo". Acts as a noun that represents one that performs the verb, equivalent to the -er termination in English.
Moods (consonant)
Verbal moods are represented by the consonant of the modifier syllable after "-κκ/-kh".
Indicative Mood
Uses the consonant "n". Represents an action that happens in reality.
Inferential Mood
Uses the consonant "ϝ/f". Represents an action that was not witnessed and/or is uncertain.
Imperative Mood
Uses the consonant "ϧγ/dj". Represents a request done directly to the second person, the subject is optional when using this verbal mood.
Jussive Mood
Uses the consonant "ϧ/d". Represents a request, suggestion or advice done to the third person, This third person can be specified with an extra noun in the ergative case immediately after the verb.
Potential Mood
Uses the consonant "m". Represents an event that is likely in the opinion of the speaker.
Presumptive Mood
Uses the consonant "ϩ/sj". Represents an hypothesis or a supposition being presented by the speaker.
Optative Mood
Uses the consonant "y". Represents a wish or desire of the speaker.
Epistemic Mood
Uses the consonant "v/w". Represents a belief or opinion of the speaker.
Voice (vowel)
Verbal voice is represented by the vowel of the modifier syllable.
Active Voice
Uses the vowel "a". In this voice there is the presence of the subject and the object.
Antipassive Voice
Uses the vowel "ε/ea". In this voice the object is not present, and the verb is treated as intransitive.
Impersonal Voice
Uses the vowel "ϰ/oc". In this voice the subject is not present.
Aspect (final)
Verbal aspect is represented by the final of the modifier syllable.
Continuous Aspect
Used by not having any finals on the modifier syllable. Indicates that the event is ongoing at some point in time.
Perfective Aspect
Uses the final "-e". Indicates that the event has finished at some point in time.
Momentane Aspect
Uses the final "-s". Similar to the perfective aspect, but the event has only happened once.
Habitual Aspect
Uses the final "-κκ/-kh". Indicates that the event is done regularly as a routine, habit or tradition.
Stative Aspect
Uses the final "-o". Indicates an affirmation that is true permanently or for a long time without changing.
Iterative Aspect
Uses the final "-τγ/-th". Indicates an event that is being done again or multiple times in a row.