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Cmanc
| cmanc ϕmanϕ | |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation: | /ɑ.'ma.nɑ/ |
| Spoken in: | Anywhere |
| Region: | Anyplace |
| Total speakers: | None |
| Ranking: | Dead last |
| Language family: | Language isolate |
| Writing system: | cmanc script |
| Official status | |
| Official language in: | No official status |
| Regulated by: | unregulated |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | |
| ISO 639-2 | |
| SIL | |
| See also: Language – Lists of languages | |
ϕmanϕ (/ɑ.ma.na/), romanized as cmanc, is a conlang of unspecific origion or inspiration. ϕmanϕ has a vocabulary that differs from most, if not all natural languages, and is not made as an Auxiliary Language. Despite that, the language is made to be learned and used in whichever situation it has the opportunity to be used in, and the use of this language for cultural, liturgical, scientific, literary or hobbyist use is welcome, as long as the generality, humanity and ethicacy of the language is kept.
Lexicon/Vocabulary is available on: https://conlang.fandom.com/wiki/Cmanc
Phonology
| Vowels | Front | Central | Back |
|---|---|---|---|
/y/ |
/u/ | ||
| Consonants | Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
/g/ |
||||||||
/dʒ/ |
||||||||
Orthography
The language has an alphabet which mixes characters from the greek and latin alphabets. This writing system is the default, and a romanization is also available. The romanization fits entirely within ASCII limits, and as such allows for it's use in close to all situations, this is also why the romanization doesn't use diacritics, which would've possibly improve readability at the costs of usability. Forms of bringing this language into different writing systems is welcome.
| Character | Romanization | Sound |
|---|---|---|
| Character | Romanization | Sound |
|---|---|---|
| Character | Romanization | Sound | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| except u and uo/μ | |||
Phonotactics
The table below displays the syllables that change depending on a specific condition, or at all times.
| Syllable | Change | Condition |
|---|---|---|
Syntax
Syllable Structure
The first syllable of the word (onset) has the structure of: (C)V(F), where (C) is the optional consonant, (F) is the optional final and V is the mandatory vowel. Every other syllable of the word follows the structure of: CV(F), where C is the mandatory consonant, V is the mandatory vowel and (F) is the optional final.
Word Order
Word order is fluid. Any order is accepted, and using different word orders is an useful literary feature.
Stress
Just like the word order, stress is also fluid. This language was developed with a presumed stress on the penultimate syllable, and this is the default stress without any markers. But any stress position is accepted and the marker ' can be used to move the stress to the proceding syllable. Also an useful literary feature.
Nouns
Every noun needs to follow and be contained within one of the categories below, determined by the vowel of the last syllable.
Classes
- Objects, Elements: -u
- Instruments, Vehicles: -μ
- Fluids: -o
- Natural Phenomena: -ϰ
- Life, Living beings: -a
- Social, Dialogue: -ϕ
- Time: -ω
- Abstract, Ideas: -ı
- Collectives, Plurals: -e
- Parts, Components: -ε
Cases
Additionally, any noun can be inflected in case by using a specific final character at the last syllable of the noun.
| Case | Final | Indicates |
|---|---|---|
Transitive Object Ditransitive Indirect Object | ||
Material | ||
Motion Target | ||
Assistance | ||
| Pronoun | Romanization | Sound | Meaning/Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
Adjectives
Adjectives have the last syllable with "η/ie" as the vowel. Adjectives also have cases, which is represented by the final used at the last syllable.
| Case | Final | Indicates |
|---|---|---|
Verbs
The base form of verbs have a final "-κκ/-kh". Conjugation is done by adding an extra syllable at the end, each part of the extra syllable acts as an unique modifier to the verb.
Forms
Verbal forms don't accept other modifiers and are used standalone.
Infinitive Form
The base form of the verb (ends in "-κκ/-kh"). Acts as a noun that represents the action being done.
Participle Form
Terminates in "-κκnη/-khnie". Acts as an adjective that means "one that/which <verb>", it is equivalent to the Habitual Aspect, but without needing a relative particle.
Agentive Form
Terminates in "-κκmμ/-khmuo". Acts as a noun that represents one that performs the verb, equivalent to the -er termination in English.
Moods (consonant)
Verbal moods are represented by the consonant of the modifier syllable after "-κκ/-kh".
Indicative Mood
Uses the consonant "n". Represents an action that happens in reality.
Inferential Mood
Uses the consonant "ϝ/f". Represents an action that was not witnessed and/or is uncertain.
Imperative Mood
Uses the consonant "ϧγ/dj". Represents a request done directly to the second person, the subject is optional when using this verbal mood.
Jussive Mood
Uses the consonant "ϧ/d". Represents a request, suggestion or advice done to the third person, This third person can be specified with an extra noun in the ergative case immediately after the verb.
Potential Mood
Uses the consonant "m". Represents an event that is likely in the opinion of the speaker.
Presumptive Mood
Uses the consonant "ϩ/sj". Represents an hypothesis or a supposition being presented by the speaker.
Desiderative Mood
Uses the consonant "y". Represents a wish or desire of the speaker.
Epistemic Mood
Uses the consonant "v/w". Represents a belief or opinion of the speaker.
Atemptive Mood
Uses the consonant "ϱ/z". Represents an attempt of an action by the speaker.
Voice (vowel)
Verbal voice is represented by the vowel of the modifier syllable.
Active Voice
Uses the vowel "a". In this voice there is the presence of the subject and the object.
Antipassive Voice
Uses the vowel "ε/ea". In this voice the object is not present, and the verb is treated as intransitive.
Impersonal Voice
Uses the vowel "ϰ/oc". In this voice the subject is not present.
Aspect (final)
Verbal aspect is represented by the final of the modifier syllable.
Continuous Aspect
Used by not having any finals on the modifier syllable. Indicates that the event is ongoing at some point in time.
Perfective Aspect
Uses the final "-e". Indicates that the event has finished at some point in time.
Momentane Aspect
Uses the final "-s". Similar to the perfective aspect, but the event has only happened once.
Habitual Aspect
Uses the final "-κκ/-kh". Indicates that the event is done regularly as a routine, habit or tradition.
Stative Aspect
Uses the final "-o". Indicates an affirmation that is true permanently or for a long time without changing.
Iterative Aspect
Uses the final "-τγ/-th". Indicates an event that is being done again or multiple times in a row.
Particles
Connective Particles
- Particle of Addition (and): κı /ki/
- Particle of Opposition (but, yet): τγı /t͡ʃi/
- Particle of Alternance (or): ϕ /ɑ/
- Particle of Causality (for, because): yıκκ /i:k/
- Particle of Consequence (so, thus): μκκ /ɯk/
- Particle of Purpose (in order to): aκκ /ak/
- Particle of Substitution (instead): vı /wi/
- Particle of Similarity (similar to): ϱı /zi/
- Particle of Relation (placed after a modal/auxiliary verb and before the main verb to indicate modality): nıκκ /nik/
Attributive Particles
- Particle of Attribution (N1 is N2, Accepts adjective cases): nη /ny/
- Particle of Existance (N exists): u /u/
- Particle of Utility (using N): μ /ɯ/
- Particle of Negation (not N): ϰ /ɔ/
Example texts
ϝaκη avugγa nϰsτaρun ϝagγaκκna [fa.ky a.u:.ga nɔs.ta.bun fa.gak.na]
(quick wolf-ABSOLUTIVE field-LOCATIVE to move-INDICATIVE-ACTIVE-PROGRESSIVE)
"The quick wolf walks on the field. / The quick wolf is walking on the field."