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===Classical Wiebian===
===Classical Wiebian===
The beginning of the '''Standard Ancient Wiebian''' (SAW), '''Classical Wiebian''' (CW), or '''Late Ancient Wiebian''' (LAW) period is taken to be the standardization of the orthography under the ruler Neumer-Kaid (2300 HM years before present).
The beginning of the '''Standard Ancient Wiebian''' (SAW), '''Classical Wiebian''' (CW), or '''Late Ancient Wiebian''' (LAW) period is taken to be the standardization of the orthography under the ruler Neumer-Kaid (2300 HM years before present).
====Consonants====
====Standard accent====
Same as Standard German.


=====Standard accent=====
====Tie accent====
The consonants are fairly constant from dialect to dialect.
=====Consonants=====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
|+ '''Standard {{PAGENAME}} consonants (standard accent)'''
! colspan="2"|
! | Labial
! | Dental/Alveolar
! | Postalveolar
! | Click
! | Palatal
! | Velar
! | Uvular
! | Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
| /m/
| /n/
|
| /ŋǃ/
|
| /ŋ/
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
! | <small>fortis</small>
| /p/
| /t/
|
| /ǃ/
|
| /k/
|
| /ʔ/
|-
! | <small>lenis</small>
| /b/
| /d/
|
| /ɡǃ/
|
| /ɡ/
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Fricative
! | <small>fortis</small>
| /f/
| /s/
| /ʃ/
|
| /ç/
|
| /χ/
| /h/
|-
! | <small>lenis</small>
| /v/
| /z/
|
|
|
|
| /ʁ/
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Affricate
! | <small>fortis</small>
| /pf/
| /ts/
| /tʃ/
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! | <small>lenis</small>
|
|
| /dʒ/
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Trill
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [ʀ]
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
|
| /l/
|
|
| /j/
|
| [ʁ̞]
|
|}
 
;Notes
*In Late Ancient Wiebian /r/ has a number of different realizations according to dialect:
**In the northern dialects the dominant pronunciation is [ʁ] or [ʀ]; it is vocalized to [ɐ] word-finally and commonly before a consonant.
**In the Kurmian dialect /r/ is a pharyngealized retroflex approximant [ɻˁ] or fricative [ʐˁ~ʂˁ].
*[ŋǃ] is a free alternant of /ɡǃ/. It is also found as a consonant in loanwords.
*'''dsch''' /d͡ʒ/ can be found in some Tie-Dye and Tergetian loanwords.
*L2 speakers from a Tie background merge /ts/ into /tʃ~dʒ/.
*Final stops after vowels tend to be unreleased in commoners' speech.
*Tie speakers often replace /pf/ with /f/ in initial position and /p/ after vowels.
 
=====Tie accent=====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
|+ '''Standard {{PAGENAME}} consonants (Tie accent)'''
|+ '''Standard {{PAGENAME}} consonants (Tie accent)'''
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*Lenis consonants have voiced allophones between vowels.
*Lenis consonants have voiced allophones between vowels.


=====Kurm accent=====
=====Vowels=====
=====Tie accent====
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
|+ '''Classical Wiebian vowels (Tie accent)'''
|-
! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; "|
! colspan="2" style="width: 180px; " |Front
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| /i/
| /iː/
| /ʉ/
| /ʉː/
| /u/
| /uː/
|-
! style="" |Close-mid
| /e/
| /eː/
| /ə/
| /ɵː/
| /o/
| /oː/
|-
! style="" |Open-mid
|
| /ɛː/
|
| (/ɞː/)
|
| /ɔː/
|-
! style="" |Open
|
|
| /ɐ/
| /aː/
|
|
|}
 
Diphthongs: /aʊ oɪ aɪ iɐ ʉɐ uɐ auɐ oɪɐ aɪɐ/
 
;Notes
*/i/, /ʉ/, /ʉː/, /u/ corresponds to standard /ɪ/, /ʏ/, /yː/, /ʊ/.
*/e/, /ə/, /ɵː/, /o/ corresponds to standard /ɛ/, /œ/, /ɵː/, /ɔ/.
*/ɛː/, /ɞː/, /ɔː/ corresponds to standard /ɛɐ̯/~/eːɐ̯/, /œɐ̯/~/øːɐ̯/, /ɔɐ̯/~/oːɐ̯/ (those vowel categories are merged). Since /ɞː/ is rare, it's often merged with /aː/.
*/oɪ/ corresponds to standard /ɔʏ/.
*The r-rimes lack the pharyngealization heard in the standard accent. /aɐ̯ˁ/ and /aːɐ̯ˁ/ merge into /aː/.
*/ʉɐ/ corresponds to standard /ʏɐ̯ˁ/~/yːɐ̯ˁ/.
 
====Kurm accent====
=====Consonants=====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
|+ '''Standard {{PAGENAME}} consonants (Kurm accent)'''
|+ '''Standard {{PAGENAME}} consonants (Kurm accent)'''
Line 498: Line 443:
*/ʐ/ is pharyngealized retroflex [ʐˁ]. Adjacent to a consonant it is an approximant [ɻˁ].
*/ʐ/ is pharyngealized retroflex [ʐˁ]. Adjacent to a consonant it is an approximant [ɻˁ].


====Vowels====
=====Vowels=====
=====Standard accent=====
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
|+ '''Classical Wiebian vowels (standard accent)'''
|-
! rowspan="3" style="width: 90px; "|
! colspan="4" style="width: 180px; " |Front
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>rounded</small>
|-
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| /ɪ/
| /iː/
| /ʏ/
| /yː/
|
|
| /ʊ/
| /uː/
|-
! style="" |Mid
| /ɛ/
| /eː/
| /œ/
| /øː/
| /ə/
|
| /ɔ/
| /oː/
|-
! style="" |Near-open
|
|
|
|
| [ɐ]
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Open
|
|
|
|
| /a/
| /aː/
|
|
|}
 
Diphthongs: /aʊ ɔʏ aɪ/
 
"R-colored" vowels: /iːɐ̯ˁ yːɐ̯ˁ uːɐ̯ˁ eːɐ̯ˁ øːɐ̯ˁ oːɐ̯ˁ ɛɐ̯ˁ œɐ̯ˁ ɔɐ̯ˁ aɐ̯ˁ aʊɐ̯ˁ ɔʏɐ̯ˁ aɪɐ̯ˁ/
 
=====Tie accent=====
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
|+ '''Classical Wiebian vowels (Tie accent)'''
|-
! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; "|
! colspan="2" style="width: 180px; " |Front
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| /i/
| /iː/
| /ʉ/
| /ʉː/
| /u/
| /uː/
|-
! style="" |Close-mid
| /e/
| /eː/
| /ə/
| /ɵː/
| /o/
| /oː/
|-
! style="" |Open-mid
|
| /ɛː/
|
| (/ɞː/)
|
| /ɔː/
|-
! style="" |Open
|
|
| /ɐ/
| /aː/
|
|
|}
 
Diphthongs: /aʊ oɪ aɪ iɐ ʉɐ uɐ auɐ oɪɐ aɪɐ/
 
;Notes
*/i/, /ʉ/, /ʉː/, /u/ corresponds to standard /ɪ/, /ʏ/, /yː/, /ʊ/.
*/e/, /ə/, /ɵː/, /o/ corresponds to standard /ɛ/, /œ/, /ɵː/, /ɔ/.
*/ɛː/, /ɞː/, /ɔː/ corresponds to standard /ɛɐ̯/~/eːɐ̯/, /œɐ̯/~/øːɐ̯/, /ɔɐ̯/~/oːɐ̯/ (those vowel categories are merged). Since /ɞː/ is rare, it's often merged with /aː/.
*/oɪ/ corresponds to standard /ɔʏ/.
*The r-rimes lack the pharyngealization heard in the standard accent. /aɐ̯ˁ/ and /aːɐ̯ˁ/ merge into /aː/.
*/ʉɐ/ corresponds to standard /ʏɐ̯ˁ/~/yːɐ̯ˁ/.
 
 
=====Kurm accent=====
The Kurm accent has lost vowel length and makes a tense-lax distinction instead.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 360px; text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 360px; text-align:center;"
|+ '''Classical Wiebian vowels (Kurm accent)'''
|+ '''Classical Wiebian vowels (Kurm accent)'''
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