Verse:Hmøøh/Onishia: Difference between revisions

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1: onþ
Definite article: ''en'' (animate sg.), ''ett'' (inanimate sg.), ''eŕ'' (plural)
2: iŕeṇz
3: muhnþ
4: nahng
5: eind
6: ahŕ
7: ier
8: ezz
9: onfeßß
10: paßß
100: nuhŕ
 
Dämmer nouns are inflected in 2 numbers (singular and plural) and 4 cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, instrumental-locative). The language uses SVO order and postpositions like Finnish. The accusative is different from the nominative only for /-m̩/ nouns. In the genitive singular i-umlaut is triggered (a ɛ: ʌ o: ʊ u: aʊ > ɛ i: œ ø: u y: œy), though it is blocked by certain noun suffixes.
 
The Dravidian plural suffix is added as follows:
*nouns in /-m̩/: the /-m̩/ changes to /-ŋɐ/
*after resonants: /-kɐ/
*otherwise: ''-er'' /-ɐ/
 
"tree":
*maɾm̩ (nom. sg.); maɾŋɐ (nom./acc. pl.)
*maɾt͡s (acc. sg.)
*maɾt͡sn̩ (gen. sg.); maɾŋɐn (gen. pl.)
*maɾt͡sl̩ (ins./loc. sg.); maɾŋɐl (ins./loc. pl.)
"son":
*maçn̩ (nom./acc. sg.); maçn̩kɐ (nom./acc. pl.)
*maçnn̩ (gen. sg.); maçn̩kɐn (gen. pl.)
*maçnl̩ (ins./loc. sg.); maçn̩kɐl (ins./loc. pl.)
"path":
*wɛɐ (nom./acc. sg.); wɛɐkɐ (nom./acc. pl.)
*wɛʁn̩ (gen. sg.); wɛɐkɐn (gen. pl.)
*wɛʁl̩ (ins./loc. sg.); wɛɐkɐl (ins./loc. pl.)
"house":
*waɪχ (nom./acc. sg.); waɪχɐ (nom./acc. pl.)
*waɪχn̩ (gen. sg.); waɪχɐn (gen. pl.)
*waɪχl̩ (ins./loc. sg.); waɪχɐl (ins./loc. pl.)
"egg":
*mʊqə (nom./acc. sg.); mʊqɐ (nom./acc. pl.)
*mʏqn̩ (gen. sg.); mʊqɐn (gen. pl.)
*mʊql̩ (ins./loc. sg.); mʊqɐl (ins./loc. pl.)
 
Dämmer is *not* pro-drop (like French and German).
in the present tense there are two different paradigms, vowel verbs and consonant verbs. Umlaut may occur in the present tense.
After vowels the present suffix is -ch- /ç/
ßie- [si:] = to do
nehn ßiechen [ne:n si:çn] = I do
nei ßieche [naɪ si:çə] = you do
aben ßiechen [a:bn si:çn] = he does
aber ßiecher [a:bɐ si:çɐ] = she does
att ßieched [at si:çət] = it does
abeŕ ßiecheŕ [abr si:çəɾ] = s/he (honorific) does
nehŋer ßiechem [ne:ŋɐ si:çm] = we (exc) do
nehm ßiechem [ne:m si:çm] = we (exc) do
neiŋer ßiecheŕg [naɪŋɐ si:çəɾk] = you folks do
aŕger ßiecheŕg [aɾgɐ si:çəɾk] = you folks do
eicher ßiechen [aɪçɐ si:çn] = they do
After consonants the present suffix is -g- /k/:
wehr- [we:ɐ] = to live
nehn wëhrgen [wi:ɐkn] = I live
nei wëhrge [wi:ɐkə] = you live
etc.
In the past tense, the personal endings are added to the suffix -d-.
nehn ßieden [si:tn] = I did
nei ßiede = you did
...
In the future tense, the suffix -b- is used (from fortition of older -v- after stressed syllables).
nehn ßieben [si:pn] = I'll do
nei ßiebe = you'll do
...


==Languages==
==Languages==

Revision as of 05:27, 1 September 2016

Lõis (地 Lõis /lɤis/, Türiŋit for 'Earth') is a collaborative alt-hist Earth created by User:Praimhín and User:IlL.

Sketches

From Proto-Dravidian to Austro-Dravidian:

Retro → uvular

  • ɳ → ŋ
  • ʈ → q
  • ɭ, ɹ → ʀ

Some HGCS-ish shifts:

  • Vq → Vχ
  • Vk → Vx (when not word-initial)
  • pp → pf → f
  • tt → ts
  • ṟ → voiceless r → θ̠

Tabiṛ

θ̠ → ɬ

Nasalization split

  • VNC → V~C → vowel split

nasals denasalize:

  • m → b, n → d, ŋ → g

1: olly ['ɔɬə] 2: iraqy ['ɪrɐqə] 3: bywlly ['bəɨɬə] 4: dôcy ['do:kə] 5: awty ['aətə] 6: eyry ['eərə] 7: aiṛy ['æɪʀə] 8: eqy ['ɛqə] 9: opitsy ['ɔpɪtsə] 10: patsy ['pætsə] 100: dŵry ['dɨːrə]

bara "tree" (< maram):

sg: bara, baritse, baritsel, baritsil

pl: baraca, barace, baracřel, baracřil

basha "son":

sg: basha, bashide, bashidel, bashidil

pl: bäshaka, bäshakře, bäshakřel, bäshakřil

bũqe "egg":

bũqe, bũqeje, bũqejil, bũqejel

viihu "house":

viihu, viiqe, viiqel, viiqil

viihuka, viihukře, viihukřel, viihukřil

Kirkkaselmörr

  Labial Dental/Alv. Medial Palatal Velar
Nasal m /m/ n /n̪/ ṇ /ɳ~ɲˁ/ nj /ɲ/ ng /ŋ/
Plosive p /p/ t /t̪/ z /ʈ~cˁ/ k /k/
Fricative f /f/ þ /θ/, ß /s/ s /ʂ~çˁ/, zs /ʈʂ~cçˁ/ ch /x/
Trill ŕ /r~ɾ/
Approximant central w /w/ r /ɹ~ɻ/ j /j/
lateral l /l̪/

Definite article: en (animate sg.), ett (inanimate sg.), eŕ (plural)

Languages

  • IE
    • Tluh-buhd-tahch
    • Italic
      • Latin
        • Caucasian Romance
    • Celtic
      • Goidelic
        • Old Irish
          • L-Irish
          • L-Scottish Gaelic
      • Brythonic
        • L-Welsh
        • L-Icelandic
        • L-Spanish (the -mab, -mer language)
    • Germanic
    • Balto-Slavic
      • Baltic
      • Slavic
        • West Slavic
          • Sorbian
          • Lechitic
            • Polish
            • L-Ukrainian (Pseudo-Nuxálk)
          • Czech
        • East Slavic
          • L-Russian (a clickretrouvular language)
    • Indo-Iranian
    • Armenian
    • Quibbertoot
  • Uralic
  • Semitic
    • Central Semitic
      • Canaanite
        • Hebrew (many basilects should be quasi-creoles)
          • Ngivrith Taccnith ("Modern Standard Hebrew")
          • Portuguese Hebrew (stopless)
          • Corsican/Sardinian Hebrew (pseudo-Israeli Hebrew; syncope)
          • Sicilian Hebrew (nasal vowel mania)
          • Venetian Hebrew (broad/slender)
          • Balkan Hebrew (dh/gh > 0)
          • Anatolian Hebrew (located closer to other Semitic languages)
      • Aramaic
        • Modern Aramaic lects
        • Scooby-Doo
      • Arabic
        • Arabic + umlaut
  • Dravidian
  • "Altaic"
  • Sino-Tibetan
    • Tibetic
      • L-Tibetan
    • Old Chinese
      • L-Middle Chinese
      • qʷˁʼaqˁʼartːut gib
  • Mon-Khmer
    • L-Khmer (Philly Khmer)
    • L-Mon (Wiobian gib)
      • uses be-: transitivizer (causative, denominal verbs, applicative)
      • zraak = divide, split
  • Tai-Kadai
    • Pradjuul gib
  • Miao-Yao
    • Hmong
  • Austronesian
    • L-Polynesian
      • Californian AN
      • L-Hawaiian (with mutations!)
    • Dravido-Austronesian
      • Head-final Austronesian languages
    • Triconsonantal Austronesian
  • Salish
    • Coast Salish
      • L-Lushootseed (Boot Polishoe gib?)
    • Interior Salish
      • Okanagan
      • Montana Salish
  • Eskimo-Aleut
    • L-Inuit?
  • Na-Dené
    • Athabaskan
    • L-Tlingit (a click language)
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