Glommish/Old: Difference between revisions

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===Nouns===
===Nouns===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | a-stem: ''wulfa'' (m.) 'wolf'
! colspan="3" | a-stem: ''wulfъ'' (m.) 'wolf'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
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|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| ''wulfa'' || ''wulfā''  
| ''wulfъ'' || ''wulfa''  
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| ''wulfas'' || ''wulfā''  
| ''wulfъs'' || ''wulfa''  
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| ''wulfəi'' || ''wulfama''  
| ''wulfъj'' || ''wulfъmъ''  
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Instrumental
| ''wulfā'' || ''wulfami''  
| ''wulfa'' || ''wulfъmь''  
|}
|}




{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | a-stem: ''juka'' (m.) 'yoke'
! colspan="3" | a-stem: ''jukъ'' (m.) 'yoke'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
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|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| ''juka'' || ''jukā''  
| ''jukъ'' || ''juka''  
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| ''jukas'' || ''jukā''  
| ''jukъs'' || ''juka''  
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| ''jukəi'' || ''jukama''  
| ''jukъj'' || ''jukъmъ''  
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Instrumental
| ''jukā'' || ''jukami''  
| ''juka'' || ''jukъmь''  
|}
|}




{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ā-stem: ''gefā'' (f.) 'gift'
! colspan="3" | ā-stem: ''gefa'' (f.) 'gift'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
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|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| ''gefā'' || ''gefār''  
| ''gefa'' || ''gefar''  
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| ''gefār'' || ''gefā''  
| ''gefar'' || ''gefa''  
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| ''gefāi'' || ''gefāma''  
| ''gefai'' || ''gefamъ''  
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Instrumental
| ''gefā'' || ''gefāmi''  
| ''gefa'' || ''gefamь''  
|}
|}




{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | i-stem: ''gasti'' (m.) 'guest'
! colspan="3" | i-stem: ''gastь'' (m.) 'guest'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
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|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| ''gasti'' || ''gastīr''  
| ''gastь'' || ''gastir''  
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| ''gastīr'' || ''gastijā''  
| ''gastir'' || ''gastijā''  
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| ''gastī'' || ''gastima''  
| ''gasti'' || ''gastьmъ''  
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Instrumental
| ''gastī'' || ''gastimi''  
| ''gasti'' || ''gastьmь''  
|}
|}




{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | i-stem: ''mari'' (n.) 'sea'
! colspan="3" | i-stem: ''marь'' (n.) 'sea'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
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|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| ''mari'' || ''marī''  
| ''marь'' || ''mari''  
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| ''marīr'' || ''marjā''  
| ''marir'' || ''marja''  
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| ''marī'' || ''marima''  
| ''mari'' || ''marьmъ''  
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Instrumental
| ''marī'' || ''marimi''  
| ''mari'' || ''marьmь''  
|}
|}




{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | u-stem: ''sunu'' (m.) 'son'
! colspan="3" | u-stem: ''sunъ'' (m.) 'son'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
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|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| ''sunu'' || ''sunīr''  
| ''sunъ'' || ''sunir''  
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| ''sunaur'' || ''suniwā''  
| ''sunor'' || ''sunьwa''  
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| ''sunī'' || ''sunuma''  
| ''suni'' || ''sunъmъ''  
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Instrumental
| ''sunū'' || ''sunumi''  
| ''sunu'' || ''sunъmь''  
|}
|}




{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | an-stems: ''augā'' (m.) 'eye'
! colspan="3" | an-stems: ''auga'' (m.) 'eye'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
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|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| ''augā'' || ''augānā''  
| ''auga'' || ''augana''  
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| ''augini'' || ''auganā''  
| ''augьnь'' || ''augana''  
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| ''augini'' || ''augamma''  
| ''augьnь'' || ''augъmmъ''  
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Instrumental
| ''auginē'' || ''augammi''  
| ''augьne'' || ''augъmmь''  
|}
|}


Revision as of 03:36, 28 September 2016

Glommish/Old is the most recent common ancestor of Þiúdьsk and Ufirlandisg.


Introduction

Phonology

Orthography

Consonants

Consonant phonemes
Labial Dental Alveolar Velar
Nasal m m n n
Stop
/Affricate 		voiceless p p t t k c~k
voiced b b d d g ɟ~g
Fricative f f~v þ θ~ð s s~z h ç~x~h
Resonant w ʋ r r l l j j

All consonants except *j can be allophonically palatalized before front vowels (*e *ē *ö *ȫ *i *ī *ü *ǖ *eu *iu). The palatalization is still allophonic in Glommish/Old but the allophonic palatalization may have been especially strong in k/g.

  • -anz, -inz, -unz > -ąz, -įz, -ųz > -ār, -īr, -ūr

Vowels

a ā e ē əi i ī o ō ö ȫ u ū ü ǖ au eu iu (e ē were probably very open, close to /æ æː/)

U-umlaut: a ā e ē i ī > o ō ö ȫ ü ǖ (from PGmc *a *ō/ā *e *ē *i *ī)

Vowel reflexes in stressed syllables:

a ā e ē ə̄ i ī o ō ö ȫ u ū ü ǖ au eu iu

Þiúd'sk: > a á ia/ie iá ý i í o ó ie ié iu iú i í ó ió iú

Ufirlandisg: > a ā ia(üe after w) iā(üē after w) ē(uō after w) i(ü after w) ī(ǖ after w) uo uō üe üē u ū ü ǖ au iau ieu

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Nouns

a-stem: wulfъ (m.) 'wolf'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative wulfъ wulfa
Genitive wulfъs wulfa
Dative wulfъj wulfъmъ
Instrumental wulfa wulfъmь


a-stem: jukъ (m.) 'yoke'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative jukъ juka
Genitive jukъs juka
Dative jukъj jukъmъ
Instrumental juka jukъmь


ā-stem: gefa (f.) 'gift'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative gefa gefar
Genitive gefar gefa
Dative gefai gefamъ
Instrumental gefa gefamь


i-stem: gastь (m.) 'guest'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative gastь gastir
Genitive gastir gastijā
Dative gasti gastьmъ
Instrumental gasti gastьmь


i-stem: marь (n.) 'sea'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative marь mari
Genitive marir marja
Dative mari marьmъ
Instrumental mari marьmь


u-stem: sunъ (m.) 'son'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative sunъ sunir
Genitive sunor sunьwa
Dative suni sunъmъ
Instrumental sunu sunъmь


an-stems: auga (m.) 'eye'
Case Singular Plural
Nominative auga augana
Genitive augьnь augana
Dative augьnь augъmmъ
Instrumental augьne augъmmь

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources

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