Glommish/Old: Difference between revisions
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m (→Morphology) |
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! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| ''augьne'' || ''augъmmь'' | | ''augьne'' || ''augъmmь'' | ||
|} | |||
===Verbs=== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | |||
|+ '''''leufan'' 'to love'''' | |||
! tense || ''jak'' || ''þū'' || ''ir/sī/it'' || ''wīr'' || ''jūr'' || ''ia'' | |||
|- | |||
! present indicative | |||
| ''leufa'' || ''leufasь'' || ''leufaþь'' || ''leufamъ'' || ''leufaþ'' || ''leufanþь'' | |||
|- | |||
! present subjunctive | |||
| ''leufa'' || ''leufas'' || ''leufa'' || ''leufam'' || ''leufaþ'' || ''leufan'' | |||
|- | |||
! past indicative | |||
| ''leufada'' || ''leufader'' || ''leufade'' || ''leufadedъm'' || ''leufadedъd'' || ''leufadedъn'' | |||
|- | |||
! past subjunctive | |||
| ''leufadedi'' || ''leufadedir'' || ''leufadedi'' || ''leufadedim'' || ''leufadedid'' || ''leufadedin'' | |||
|- | |||
! imperative | |||
| ''-'' || ''leufa!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''leufaþ!'' || ''-'' | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="7"| | |||
|- | |||
! present participle | |||
|colspan="6"| ''leufand'' | |||
|- | |||
! past participle | |||
|colspan="6"| ''leufad'' | |||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 03:47, 28 September 2016
Glommish/Old is the most recent common ancestor of Þiúdьsk and Ufirlandisg.
Introduction
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Velar | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m m | n n | |||
Stop /Affricate |
voiceless | p p | t t | k c~k | |
voiced | b b | d d | g ɟ~g | ||
Fricative | f f~v | þ θ~ð | s s~z | h ç~x~h | |
Resonant | w ʋ | r r | l l | j j |
All consonants except *j can be allophonically palatalized before front vowels (*e *ē *ö *ȫ *i *ī *ü *ǖ *eu *iu). The palatalization is still allophonic in Glommish/Old but the allophonic palatalization may have been especially strong in k/g.
- -anz, -inz, -unz > -ąz, -įz, -ųz > -ār, -īr, -ūr
Vowels
a ā e ē ъi i ī o ō ö ȫ u ū ü ǖ au eu iu ъ ь (e ē were probably very open, close to /æ æː/)
U-umlaut: a ā e ē i ī > o ō ö ȫ ü ǖ (from PGmc *a *ō/ā *e *ē *i *ī)
Vowel reflexes in stressed syllables:
a ā e ē ə̄ i ī o ō ö ȫ u ū ü ǖ au eu iu
Þiúd'sk: > a á ia/ie iá ý i í o ó ie ié iu iú i í ó ió iú
Ufirlandisg: > a ā ia(üe after w) iā(üē after w) ē(uō after w) i(ü after w) ī(ǖ after w) uo uō üe üē u ū ü ǖ au iau ieu
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
a-stem: wulfъ (m.) 'wolf' | ||
---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | wulfъ | wulfa |
Genitive | wulfъs | wulfa |
Dative | wulfъi | wulfъmъ |
Instrumental | wulfa | wulfъmь |
a-stem: jukъ (m.) 'yoke' | ||
---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | jukъ | juka |
Genitive | jukъs | juka |
Dative | jukъi | jukъmъ |
Instrumental | juka | jukъmь |
ā-stem: gefa (f.) 'gift' | ||
---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | gefa | gefar |
Genitive | gefar | gefa |
Dative | gefai | gefamъ |
Instrumental | gefa | gefamь |
i-stem: gastь (m.) 'guest' | ||
---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | gastь | gastir |
Genitive | gastьs | gastьja |
Dative | gasti | gastьmъ |
Instrumental | gasti | gastьmь |
i-stem: marь (n.) 'sea' | ||
---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | marь | mari |
Genitive | marьs | marьja |
Dative | mari | marьmъ |
Instrumental | mari | marьmь |
u-stem: sunъ (m.) 'son' | ||
---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | sunъ | sunir |
Genitive | sunor | sunьwa |
Dative | suni | sunъmъ |
Instrumental | sunu | sunъmь |
an-stems: auga (m.) 'eye' | ||
---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | auga | augana |
Genitive | augьnь | augana |
Dative | augьnь | augъmmъ |
Instrumental | augьne | augъmmь |
Verbs
tense | jak | þū | ir/sī/it | wīr | jūr | ia |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present indicative | leufa | leufasь | leufaþь | leufamъ | leufaþ | leufanþь |
present subjunctive | leufa | leufas | leufa | leufam | leufaþ | leufan |
past indicative | leufada | leufader | leufade | leufadedъm | leufadedъd | leufadedъn |
past subjunctive | leufadedi | leufadedir | leufadedi | leufadedim | leufadedid | leufadedin |
imperative | - | leufa! | - | - | leufaþ! | - |
present participle | leufand | |||||
past participle | leufad |