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Chlouvānem: Difference between revisions
→Writing system - Jīmalāṇa
(Revised phonology) |
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Letter''' || '''m''' || '''p''' || '''ph''' || '''b''' || | | '''Letter''' || '''m''' || '''p''' || '''ph''' || '''b''' || ‘''bh''' || '''f''' || '''v''' || '''n''' || '''t''' || '''th''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Sound''' || /m/ || /p/ || /pʰ/ || /b/ || /bʱ/ || /ʋ/ || /n/ || /t̪/ || /t̪ʰ | | '''Sound''' || /m/ || /p/ || /pʰ/ || /b/ || /bʱ/ || /f/ || /ʋ/ || /n/ || /t̪/ || /t̪ʰ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | ‘''Letter''' || '''d''' || '''dh''' || '''ç''' || '''çh''' || '''x''' || '''xh''' || '''s''' || '''ṇ''' || ‘''ṭ''' || '''ṭh''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | ‘''Sound''' || /d̪/ || /d̪ʱ/ || /t̪͡s/ || /t̪͡sʰ/ || /d̪͡z/ || /d̪͡zʱ/ || /s/ || /ɳ/ || /ʈ/ || /ʈʰ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Letter | | '''Letter''' || '''ḍ''' || '''ḍh''' || '''ṣ''' || '''ř''' || '''ñ''' || '''c''' || '''ch''' || '''j''' || ‘''jh''' || '''š''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Sound''' | | '''Sound''' || /ɖ/ || /dʱ/ || /ʂ/ || /ɻ/ || /ɳ/ || /c͡ɕ/ || /c͡ɕʰ/ || /ɟ͡ʑ/ || /ɟ͡ʑʱ/ || /ɕ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Letter | | '''Letter''' || '''y''' || '''k''' || '''kh''' || '''g''' || '''gh''' || '''ṃ''' || '''ʔ''' || '''h''' || '''r''' || '''l''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Sound''' | | '''Sound''' || /j/ || /k/ || /kʰ/ || /g/ || /gʱ/ || /N/ || /ʔ/ || /ɦ/ || /ʀ/ || /ɴ̆/, /ŋ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Letter | | '''Letter''' || '''ь<ref>Romanized as '''i''' before vowels</ref>''' || '''i''' || '''ī''' || '''į''' || '''u''' || '''ū''' || '''ų''' || '''e''' || ‘''ė''' || '''ę''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Sound''' | | '''Sound''' || /ʲ/ || /i/ || /iː/ || /i̤/ || /u/ || /uː/ || /ṳ/ || /e/ || /eː/ || /e̤/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Letter | | '''Letter''' || '''o''' || '''æ''' || '''a''' || '''ā''' || '''ą''' || '''ai''' || '''ąi''' || '''ei''' || ‘''ęi''' || '''ea''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Sound''' | | '''Sound''' || /ɔ/ || /æ/ || /a/ || /aː/ || /ɑ̤/ || /aɪ̯/ || /a̤ɪ̯/ || /eɪ̯/ || /e̤ɪ̯/ || /eɐ̯/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Letter | | '''Letter''' || '''oe''' || '''au''' || '''ąu''' || '''ou''' || '''ṛ''' || '''ṝ''' || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Sound''' | | '''Sound''' || /ɔə̯/ || /aʊ̯/ || /a̤ʊ̯/ || /ɔʊ̯/ || /ʀ̩/ || /ʀ̩ː/ || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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Letter names are formed following these simple rules, which depend by phoneme type: | Letter names are formed following these simple rules, which depend by phoneme type: | ||
* Voiceless unaspirated stops and fricatives are phoneme + /uː/ (pū, tū, sū | * Voiceless unaspirated stops and fricatives are phoneme + /uː/ (pū, tū, fū, sū...) except for <ʔ> which is aʔū. Voiceless aspirated stops are phoneme + /au̯/ (phau, thau...). | ||
* Voiced unaspirated stops and fricatives are phoneme + /iː/ (bī, vī, dī... | * Voiced unaspirated stops and fricatives are phoneme + /iː/ (bī, vī, dī...), while aspirated ones use /ai̯/ (bhai, dhai...). This latter diphthong is also used for yai, hai, and lai. | ||
* Nasals and <r> use /ei̯/ (mei, nei, rei...), but <ṃ> is, uniquely, ''nālkāvi''. | * Nasals and <r> use /ei̯/ (mei, nei, rei...), but <ṃ> is, uniquely, ''nālkāvi''. | ||
* Short unrounded vowels are vowel + /t/ + vowel (iti, ete...); short rounded ones have /p/ instead of /t/ (upu, opo). | * Short unrounded vowels are vowel + /t/ + vowel (iti, ete...); short rounded ones have /p/ instead of /t/ (upu, opo). | ||