Chlouvānem: Difference between revisions

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 * Perfective: ext. ''nāmvounau'', ''nāmvounei'', ''nāmvounitь'', … int. ''nāmvounirau'', …; caus. ext. ''nāmvounaxhiou'', …; caus. int. ''nāmvounirxhiou'', …
 * Propositive: ext. ''nāmvounikṣam'', ''nāmvounikṣa'', ''nāmvounikṣai'', … int. ''nāmvounikuru'', …; caus. ext. ''nāmvounxhiṣam'', …; caus. int. ''nāmvounxhiuru'', ...
+====The desiderative mood====
+The desiderative mood, unlike the optative, hypothetical, and subjunctive moods, conjugates in all tenses and aspects just like the indicative; the difference being the special stem it uses, formed with reduplication of the root plus '''-s''' (except for '''-ora-''' and '''-ьouš-''' verbs). The resulting stem conjugates as any root verb.
+Reduplication adds the first consonant of the verb (except prefixes) and its first vowel (always oral short).There are however some special rules followed in reduplicating:
+* Aspirated stops are always reduplicated as unaspirated;
+* '''g-''' is always reduplicated as '''h-''', except for a few irregular verbs;
+* '''h-''' is reduplicated as '''k-''';
+* '''k-''' as '''š-''';
+* '''f-''' as '''p-''';
+* '''l-''' in the initial clusters '''lk-''', '''lkh-''', '''lg-''', or '''lgh-''' reduplicates as '''n-'''.
+* Initial clusters which begin with '''s-''', '''ṣ-''', '''š-''', or '''v-''' use the first consonant which is not one of them (but '''šv-''' reduplicates as '''š-''');
+ * Verbs with ablaut always have middle-grade ablaut; '''ṛ''' reduplicates as '''a''';
+ * Inverse-ablaut verbs have the consonant of the unreduced root but the reduced vowel;
+* Roots beginning with vowels are regular, reduplicating the otherwise allophonic initial '''ʔ'''.
+* Prefixes are added before the reduplicated root.
+Final added '''-s''' has some special saṃdhi rules, too (in addition to the usual ones):
+* '''-d-s''' and '''-dh-s''' both become '''-ts''' (always written so and never as *ç);
+* After voiced stops, '''-s''' becomes '''-r''' and aspirated stops lose aspiration. '''-j-s''' and '''-jh-s''' both become '''-jl''';
+* '''-š-s''' becomes '''-kṣ''';
+* '''-y-s''' becomes '''-š''';
+* '''-l-s''' becomes '''-lь''' when prevocalic and '''-lš''' when preconsonantal, but '''-rl-s''' always becomes '''-relь-'''.
+Causative forms just add the causative endings, without further modifying the stem.
+'''-ora-''' and '''-ьouš-''' verbs use '''-oreka-''' and '''-ьoušca-''' respectively, without other modifications, but they're often substituted by ''infinitive + daudike'' constructions. In many of the northeastern and northwestern lands of the Inquisition, this analytic construction is used instead of the synthetic desiderative in almost any case.
+Examples of desiderative mood stems are: * ''peithake'' “to go (multid.)”, root ''peith-'' → ''pe-peith-s'' → ''pepeits- ''
+* ''lgutake'' “to buy”, root ''lgut-'' → ''nu-lgot-s'' → ''nulgots-''
+* ''khlunāke'' “to search, look for”, root ''khlu-'' → ''ku-khlu-s'' → ''kukhlus- ''
+* ''nilyake'' “to think”, root ''nily-'' → ''ni-nely-s'' → ''ninelš-''
+ * ''tṛlake'' “to do”, root ''tṛl-'' → ''ta-tarl-s'' > ''tatarelь-''
+* ''valde'' “to open”, root ''vald-'' → ''v-uld-s'' > ''vults-''
+  A few verbs have completely irregular stems:
+ * ''gyake'' “to be”: ''muñj-''
+ * ''lilke'' “to live”: ''lėlikṣ-''
+ * ''męlike'' “to give”: ''mimęñ- ''
+* ''milke'' “to take”: ''mūṃchl-''.
 ====The verb "to be" (gyake)====