Chlouvānem: Difference between revisions

Line 1,287:

Like participles, adverbials have voice affixes after them, but before the root in prefixed verbs. A palatalized consonant becomes a consonant followed by '''i'''. Examples: ''męlilie'', ''męlilieça'', ''primęlilie'', ''priçamęlilie''.

====Irregular verbs====

Chlouvānem has eight major irregular verbs, plus other three with peculiar irregularities. The eight major irregular verbs all have different stems in either aorist and perfect or both; the verb ''gyake'' (to be) is extremely irregular due to suppletion. The other seven major suppletive verbs are (regular stems are in smaller size):

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Verb !! Present stem (without ablaut) !! Aorist stem !! Perfect stem

|-

| ''einerke'' (to float (multidir.)) || einer- || paiṇṣ- || iʔīneṣ-

|-

| ''flulke'' (to go, walk (monodir.)) || flun- || māṃs-a- || thåln-

|-

| ''keṃšake'' (to use) || caṃš-a- || keṃš-a- || ikeṃš-a-

|-

| ''khilyake'' (to write) || khily-a- || paṃšy-a- || ikhily-a-

|-

| ''milke'' (to take, seize, catch, capture) || milūk-/milk- || milk- || ilak-

|-

| ''mṛcce'' (to run (monodir.)) || mṛc- || pañc- || amṛc-

|-

| ''yahike'' (to read; ''arch.:'' to understand) || yahь- || taiši- || ašahь-

|}

Note that ''paiṇṣ-'', ''māṃṣ-'', ''paṃšy-'', ''pañc-'', and ''taiši-'' all use the '''present''' endings instead of the '''aorist''' ones.

Further irregularities are found in the present indicative and subjunctive for a total of five verbs:

* The singular present indicative forms of ''flulke'' are regular ''flonu'' for 1st person but then irregular 2nd and 3rd ''flin'' and ''fliven'' respectively.

* ''milke'' uses the stem ''milk-'' also in the singular present indicative: ''milku'', ''milki'', ''milkė''.

* The three verbs ''mālake'' (keep together), ''yacce'' (to ask, to request (humble)), and ''chlašake'' (to do (humble)) have the irregular 1st person singular present subjunctive forms ''målip'', ''yåšip'', and ''chlåšip'' respectively.

====The verb "to be" (gyake)====

@@ Line 1,287: / Line 1,287: @@
 Like participles, adverbials have voice affixes after them, but before the root in prefixed verbs. A palatalized consonant becomes a consonant followed by '''i'''. Examples: ''męlilie'', ''męlilieça'', ''primęlilie'', ''priçamęlilie''.
+====Irregular verbs====
+Chlouvānem has eight major irregular verbs, plus other three with peculiar irregularities. The eight major irregular verbs all have different stems in either aorist and perfect or both; the verb ''gyake'' (to be) is extremely irregular due to suppletion.<br/>The other seven major suppletive verbs are (regular stems are <small>in smaller size</small>):
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! Verb !! Present stem (without ablaut) !! Aorist stem !! Perfect stem
+|-
+| ''einerke'' (to float (multidir.)) || einer- || paiṇṣ- || iʔīneṣ-
+|-
+| ''flulke'' (to go, walk (monodir.)) || flun- || māṃs-a- || thåln-
+|-
+| ''keṃšake'' (to use) || caṃš-a- || keṃš-a- || ikeṃš-a-
+|-
+| ''khilyake'' (to write) || khily-a- || paṃšy-a- || ikhily-a-
+|-
+| ''milke'' (to take, seize, catch, capture) || milūk-/milk- || milk- || ilak-
+|-
+| ''mṛcce'' (to run (monodir.)) || mṛc- || pañc- || <small>amṛc-</small>
+|-
+| ''yahike'' (to read; <small>''arch.:'' to understand</small>) || yahь- || taiši- || ašahь-
+|}
+Note that ''paiṇṣ-'', ''māṃṣ-'', ''paṃšy-'', ''pañc-'', and ''taiši-'' all use the '''present''' endings instead of the '''aorist''' ones.
+Further irregularities are found in the present indicative and subjunctive for a total of five verbs:
+* The singular present indicative forms of ''flulke'' are regular ''flonu'' for 1st person but then irregular 2nd and 3rd ''flin'' and ''fliven'' respectively.
+* ''milke'' uses the stem ''milk-'' also in the singular present indicative: ''milku'', ''milki'', ''milkė''.
+* The three verbs ''mālake'' (keep together), ''yacce'' (to ask, to request (humble)), and ''chlašake'' (to do (humble)) have the irregular 1st person singular present subjunctive forms ''målip'', ''yåšip'', and ''chlåšip'' respectively.
 ====The verb "to be" (gyake)====