Chlouvānem: Difference between revisions

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===Sentence phrase===

===Dependent clauses===

====Conditional sentences====

Chlouvānem grammar distinguishes three basic types of conditional sentences, two of them with two tenses, the other one with three. They are distinguished by the use of different moods and tenses:

* ''Factual conditional'': statement expressing an implication; the if-clause is in hypothetical imperfective, the main in indicative present. If the action took place in the past, then the if-clause is in hypothetical perfective and the main in indicative aorist:

** ''yālvoe nakitatṛ tæyālvė'' - if you put sugar [in it], [it] becomes sweet.

** ''ilėnimartui mordhānça chlouvānami bhælė moçi'' - if you flew to Ilėnimarta, you've been in the Chlouvānem lands.

* ''Predictive conditional'': statement expressing something that will become true if certain conditions are met. Three tenses are distinguished:

** Past, if the condition has been met in the past, then the statement either is now true or is about to be true; the if-clause is in hypothetical perfective and the main in indicative present: ''drānçaçait flundām yųlumbuça'' - if you have done it, we [two] go eat.

** Present, if the condition is being fulfilled and the statement will become true in the future; the if-clause is in hypothetical imperfective and the main in indicative future: ''draçaçait fluniṣṭām yųlumbuça'' - if you do it, we [two]'ll go eat.

** Future, if the condition will be met in the future. This is often accurately translated as "when... then..."; the if-clause is in hypothetical perfective and the main in indicative future: ''drānçaçait fluniṣṭām yųlumbuça'' - when you will have done it, we [two]'ll go eat.

* ''Hypothetical conditional'': hypothetic and often counterfactual statement, distinguishing two tenses:

** Non-past, typically used for completely unreal statements whose implications would be active in the present or in the future; both clauses are in the hypothetical mood, the if-one in the either aspect and the main in the imperfective, usually divided by ''mārim'' if they're in the same aspect (here meaning "then"): ''rahėllila gyatiam mārim dadarasyasusat tṛlirtam'' - if I were a doctor, I would know what's to be done // ''rahėllila gyāttiam dadarasyasusat tṛlirtam'' - if I had been a doctor, I would know what's to be done.

** Past, used for implications which could have been true in the past but weren't; both clauses are in hypothetical perfective, usually divided by ''mārim'': ''rahėllila gyāttiam mārim dadarasyasusat tṛlertiam'' - if I had been a doctor, I would have known what had to be done<ref>Note that "what had to be done" translates a present participle, as the tense of the participle is subordinate to the main verb. Using the aorist or perfect participle would result in the meaning of "what had had to be done".</ref>.

==Vocabulary==

@@ Line 2,114: / Line 2,114: @@
 ===Sentence phrase===
 ===Dependent clauses===
-<!-- etc. etc. -->
+====Conditional sentences====
+Chlouvānem grammar distinguishes three basic types of conditional sentences, two of them with two tenses, the other one with three. They are distinguished by the use of different moods and tenses:
+* ''Factual conditional'': statement expressing an implication; the if-clause is in hypothetical imperfective, the main in indicative present. If the action took place in the past, then the if-clause is in hypothetical perfective and the main in indicative aorist:
+** ''yālvoe nakitatṛ tæyālvė'' - if you put sugar [in it], [it] becomes sweet.
+** ''ilėnimartui mordhānça chlouvānami bhælė moçi'' - if you flew to Ilėnimarta, you've been in the Chlouvānem lands.
+* ''Predictive conditional'': statement expressing something that will become true if certain conditions are met. Three tenses are distinguished:
+** Past, if the condition has been met in the past, then the statement either is now true or is about to be true; the if-clause is in hypothetical perfective and the main in indicative present: ''drānçaçait flundām yųlumbuça'' - if you have done it, we [two] go eat.
+** Present, if the condition is being fulfilled and the statement will become true in the future; the if-clause is in hypothetical imperfective and the main in indicative future: ''draçaçait fluniṣṭām yųlumbuça'' - if you do it, we [two]'ll go eat.
+** Future, if the condition will be met in the future. This is often accurately translated as "when... then..."; the if-clause is in hypothetical perfective and the main in indicative future: ''drānçaçait fluniṣṭām yųlumbuça'' - when you will have done it, we [two]'ll go eat.
+* ''Hypothetical conditional'': hypothetic and often counterfactual statement, distinguishing two tenses:
+** Non-past, typically used for completely unreal statements whose implications would be active in the present or in the future; both clauses are in the hypothetical mood, the if-one in the either aspect and the main in the imperfective, usually divided by ''mārim'' if they're in the same aspect (here meaning "then"): ''rahėllila gyatiam mārim dadarasyasusat tṛlirtam'' - if I were a doctor, I would know what's to be done // ''rahėllila gyāttiam dadarasyasusat tṛlirtam'' - if I had been a doctor, I would know what's to be done.
+** Past, used for implications which could have been true in the past but weren't; both clauses are in hypothetical perfective, usually divided by ''mārim'': ''rahėllila gyāttiam mārim dadarasyasusat tṛlertiam'' - if I had been a doctor, I would have known what had to be done<ref>Note that "what had to be done" translates a present participle, as the tense of the participle is subordinate to the main verb. Using the aorist or perfect participle would result in the meaning of "what had had to be done".</ref>.
 ==Vocabulary==