Hadda: Difference between revisions

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!IPA !!Latin !! Simplified Latin !!Marasa !!Arabic !!Ge'ez !!Hebrew !!Notes
!IPA !!Latin !! Simplified Latin !!Marasa !!Arabic !!Ge'ez !!Hebrew !!Notes
|-
|-
|a || rowspan="2" | A a || rowspan="2" | A a || || ـَ || አ || סַ ||
|a || A a || A a || || ـَ || አ || סַ ||
|-
|-
|aː || || ـَا || ኣ || סַא || allophone of /a/ in stressed, open syllables
|aː || Aa aa || Aa aa || || ـَا || ኣ || סַא ||
|-
|-
|b || B b || B b || || ب || በ || ּב ||
|b || B b || B b || || ب || በ || ּב ||
|-
|β̞ || Ƀ ƀ || B b || || ب || ቨ || ב ||
|-
|-
|ɓ || Ɓ ɓ || B' b' || || ڀ || ጰ || קּו ||
|ɓ || Ɓ ɓ || B' b' || || ڀ || ጰ || קּו ||
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|d || D d || D d || || د || ደ || ּד ||
|d || D d || D d || || د || ደ || ּד ||
|-
|-
|ɗ || Ɗ ɗ || D' d' || || ڟ || ጠ || טּ ||
|ð̞ || rowspan="2" | Đ đ || D d || || rowspan="2" | ذ || ደ || ך || allophone of /d/ between vowels
|-
|-
|ð̞ || rowspan="2" | Đ đ || rowspan="2" | Dh dh || || rowspan="2" | ذ || ደ || ך || allophone of /d/ between vowels
|ð || Dh dh || || ዘ || ךֿ || occurs in loanwords
|-
|-
|ð || || ዘ || ךֿ || occurs in loanwords
|ɗ || Ɗ ɗ || D' d' || || ڟ || ጠ || טּ ||
|-
|-
|ɛ || rowspan="2" | E e || rowspan="2" | E e || || ـٖ || rowspan="2" | ኤ || סֵ ||
|ɛ || E e || E e || || ـٖ || rowspan="2" | ኤ || סֵ ||
|-
|-
|ɛː || || ـٖي || סֵי || allophone of /ɛ/ in stressed, open syllables
|ɛː || Ee ee || Ee ee || || ـٖي || סֵי ||
|-
|-
|f || F f || F f || || ف || ፈ || פ ||
|f || F f || F f || || ف || ፈ || פ ||
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|g || G g || G g || || ݣ || ገ || גּ ||
|g || G g || G g || || ݣ || ገ || גּ ||
|-
|-
|ɠ || Ɠ ɠ || G' g' || || کٴ || ቀ || קּ ||
|ɣ̞ || Ǥ ǥ || G g || || ڠ || ገ || ג || allophone of /g/ between vowels
|-
|-
|ɣ̞ || rowspan="2" | Ɣ ɣ || rowspan="2" | Gh gh || || ڠ || ገ || ג || allophone of /g/ between vowels
|ʁ || Ɣ ɣ || Gh gh || || غ || ኀ || גֿ || occurs in loanwords
|-
|-
|ɣ || || غ || ኀ || גֿ || occurs in loanwords
|ɠ || Ɠ ɠ || G' g' || || کٴ || ቀ || קּ ||
|-
|-
|gʷ || Gw gw || Gw gw || || ڭو || ጐ || גּו ||
|gʷ || Gw gw || Gw gw || || ڭو || ጐ || גּו ||
|-
|-
|h || H h || H h || || ھ || ኸ, ሀ || ה || allophone of /k/ between vowels in non-guttural environment; <br /> occurs in loanwords
|h || H h || H h || || ھ || ሀ || ה || allophone of /k/ between vowels in non-guttural environment; <br /> occurs in loanwords
|-
|-
|ħ || Ħ ħ || X x || || ح || ሐ || ח ||
|ħ || Ħ ħ || X x || || ح || ሐ || ח ||
|-
|-
|i || rowspan="2" |I i || rowspan="2" | I i || || ـِ || rowspan="2" | ኢ || סִ ||  
|χ || X x || Kh kh || || خ || ኸ || כֿ || occurs in loanwords
|-
|-
|iː || || ـِي || סִי || allophone of /i/ in stressed, open syllables
|i || I i || I i || || ـِ || rowspan="2" | ኢ || סִ ||
|-
|iː || Ii ii || Ii ii || || ـِي || סִי ||
|-
|-
|ɟ || J j || J j || || ج || ጀ || גּ׳ ||
|ɟ || J j || J j || || ج || ጀ || גּ׳ ||
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|ŋʷ || Ŋw ŋw || Ngw ngw || || ڬو || ⶓ || נ״ו ||
|ŋʷ || Ŋw ŋw || Ngw ngw || || ڬو || ⶓ || נ״ו ||
|-
|-
|ɔ || rowspan="2" | O o || rowspan="2" | O o || || ـٗ || rowspan="2" | ኦ || סֹ ||  
|ɔ || O o || O o || || ـٗ || rowspan="2" | ኦ || סֹ ||  
|-
|-
|ɔː || || ـٗو || סוֹ || allophone of /ɔ/ in stressed, open syllables
|ɔː || O o || O o || || ـٗو || סוֹ ||
|-
|-
|p || P p || P p || || پ || ፐ || פּ || occurs in loanwords
|p || P p || P p || || پ || ፐ || פּ || occurs in loanwords
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|ɾ || R r || R r || || ر || ረ || ר || allophone of /l/ between vowels
|ɾ || R r || R r || || ر || ረ || ר || allophone of /l/ between vowels
|-
|-
|ʔ͡r || [Ɽ] ɽ || R' r' || || ݬ || [ረ] || ט || allophone of /ɗ/ between vowels
|rˀ || Ɍ ɍ || R' r' || || ݬ || ፀ || ט || allophone of /ɗ/ between vowels
|-
|-
|s || S s || S s || || س || ሰ || ס ||
|s || S s || S s || || س || ሰ || ס ||
|-
|ʃ || Σ ʃ || Sh sh || || ش || ሸ || ש ||
|-
|-
|t || T t || T t || || ت  || ተ || ת ||
|t || T t || T t || || ت  || ተ || ת ||

Revision as of 23:12, 6 March 2017

Hadda (Native: ħaɗɗa) is an a priori language inspired by various African languages.

Introduction

Phonology

Orthography

Orthography (under construction; [ ] = to be replaced with a picture)

Hadda orthography
IPA Latin Simplified Latin Marasa Arabic Ge'ez Hebrew Notes
a A a A a ـَ አ סַ
aː Aa aa Aa aa ـَا ኣ סַא
b B b B b ب በ ּב
β̞ Ƀ ƀ B b ب ቨ ב
ɓ Ɓ ɓ B' b' ڀ ጰ קּו
c C c Ch ch چ ቸ כ׳
d D d D d د ደ ּד
ð̞ Đ đ D d ذ ደ ך allophone of /d/ between vowels
ð Dh dh ዘ ךֿ occurs in loanwords
ɗ Ɗ ɗ D' d' ڟ ጠ טּ
ɛ E e E e ـٖ ኤ סֵ
ɛː Ee ee Ee ee ـٖي סֵי
f F f F f ف ፈ פ
g G g G g ݣ ገ גּ
ɣ̞ Ǥ ǥ G g ڠ ገ ג allophone of /g/ between vowels
ʁ Ɣ ɣ Gh gh غ ኀ גֿ occurs in loanwords
ɠ Ɠ ɠ G' g' کٴ ቀ קּ
gʷ Gw gw Gw gw ڭو ጐ גּו
h H h H h ھ ሀ ה allophone of /k/ between vowels in non-guttural environment;
occurs in loanwords
ħ Ħ ħ X x ح ሐ ח
χ X x Kh kh خ ኸ כֿ occurs in loanwords
i I i I i ـِ ኢ סִ
iː Ii ii Ii ii ـِي סִי
ɟ J j J j ج ጀ גּ׳
ʄ Ɉ ɉ J' j' ڇ ጨ קּ׳
k K k K k ک ከ כ
l L l L l ل ለ ל
m M m M m م መ מ
n N n N n ن ነ נ ֹ
ɲ Ɲ ɲ Ny ny ݧ ኘ נ׳
ŋ Ŋ ŋ Ng ng ݢ ጘ נ״
ŋʷ Ŋw ŋw Ngw ngw ڬو ⶓ נ״ו
ɔ O o O o ـٗ ኦ סֹ
ɔː O o O o ـٗو סוֹ
p P p P p پ ፐ פּ occurs in loanwords
q Q q Q q ق ቀ קּ occurs in loanwords
ʔ Ɂ ɂ ' ٯٔ ، ء ቐ ק allophone of /ɠ/ between vowels
ʕ Ҁ ҁ C c ع ዐ ע
ɾ R r R r ر ረ ר allophone of /l/ between vowels
rˀ Ɍ ɍ R' r' ݬ ፀ ט allophone of /ɗ/ between vowels
s S s S s س ሰ ס
ʃ Σ ʃ Sh sh ش ሸ ש
t T t T t ت ተ ת

Consonants

Allophones and loanword-exclusive phonemes are enclosed in brackets.

Consonants
Labial Dental/Alveolar Palatal Velar Labiovelar Pharyngeal/Uvular Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ ŋw /ŋʷ/
Plosive voiceless (p) t c k kw /kʷ/ (q) (ʔ)
voiced b d j /ɟ/ g gw /gʷ/
glottalized ɓ ɗ ɉ /ʄ/ ɠ
Fricative voiceless f s, (ŧ /θ/) (ʃ) (x) (hw /hʷ/) ħ (h)
voiced (v) (z), (đ /ð/) (ɣ)
Approximant voiced (v /β̞/) (đ /ð̝/) y /j/ (ɣ /ɣ̞/) w ʕ
glottalized (ɽ /ʔ͡r/) (ƴ /ʔʲ/) (ⱳ /ʔʷ/)
lateral l
Flap (r /ɾ/)

Vowels

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources

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