Hadda: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 140: Line 140:


===Consonants===
===Consonants===
Allophones and loanword-exclusive phonemes are enclosed in brackets.
Allophones and loanword-exclusive phonemes are enclosed in brackets. (needs to be updated)
{| class="IPA wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="IPA wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
|-

Revision as of 03:06, 7 March 2017

Hadda (Native: ħaɗɗa) is an a priori language inspired by various African languages.

Introduction

Phonology

Orthography

Orthography (under construction)

Hadda orthography
IPA Latin Simplified Latin Marasa Arabic Ge'ez Hebrew Notes
a A a A a ـَ סַ
Aa aa Aa aa ـَا סַא
b B b B b ب ּב
β̞ Ƀ ƀ B b ب ב allophone of /b/ between vowels
ɓ Ɓ ɓ B' b' ڀ קּו
c C c Ch ch چ כ׳
d D d D d د ּד
ð̞ Đ đ D d ذ ך allophone of /d/ between vowels
ð Dh dh ךֿ occurs in loanwords
ɗ Ɗ ɗ D' d' ڟ טּ
ɛ E e E e ـٖ סֵ
ɛː Ee ee Ee ee ـٖي סֵי
f F f F f ف פ
g G g G g ݣ גּ
ɣ̞ Ǥ ǥ G g ڠ ג allophone of /g/ between vowels
ʁ Ɣ ɣ Gh gh غ גֿ occurs in loanwords
ɠ Ɠ ɠ G' g' کٴ קּ
Gw gw Gw gw ڭو גּו
h H h H h ھ ה allophone of /k/ between vowels in non-guttural environment;
occurs in loanwords
Hw hw Hw hw هو הו allophone of /kʷ/ between vowels in non-guttural environment
ħ Ħ ħ X x ح ח
χ X x Kh kh خ כֿ occurs in loanwords
i I i I i ـِ סִ
Ii ii Ii ii ـِي סִי
ɟ J j J j ج גּ׳
ʄ Ɉ ɉ J' j' ڇ קּ׳
k K k K k ک כ
Kw kw Kw kw کو כו
l L l L l ل ל
m M m M m م מ
n N n N n ن נ ֹ
ɲ Ɲ ɲ Ny ny ݧ נ׳
ŋ Ŋ ŋ Ng ng ݢ נ״
ŋʷ Ŋw ŋw Ngw ngw ڬو נ״ו
ɔ O o O o ـٗ סֹ
ɔː O o O o ـٗو סוֹ
p P p P p پ פּ occurs in loanwords
q Q q Q q ق קּ occurs in loanwords
ʔ Ɂ ɂ ' ٯٔ ، ء ק allophone of /ɠ/ between vowels
ʕ Ҁ ҁ C c ع ע
ɾ R r R r ر ר allophone of /l/ between vowels
Ɍ ɍ R' r' ݬ [ረ] ט allophone of /ɗ/ between vowels
s S s S s س ס
ʃ Σ ʃ Sh sh ش ש
t T t T t ت ת
θ Ŧ ŧ Th th ث תֿ occurs in loanwords
u U u U u ـُ סֻ
Uu uu Uu uu ـُو סוּ
v V v V v ڤ בֿ occurs in loanwords
w W w W w و ו allophone of /gʷ/ between vowels;
phonemic word-initially
ʔʷ [Wˊ] ⱳ W' w' ؤ קו allophone of /ɓ/ between vowels
j Y y Y y ي י allophone of /ɟ/ between vowels;
phonemic word-initially
ʔʲ Ƴ ƴ Y' y' ئ [የ] ק׳ allophone of /ʄ/ between vowels
z Z z Z z ز ז occurs in loanwords

Consonants

Allophones and loanword-exclusive phonemes are enclosed in brackets. (needs to be updated)

Consonants
Labial Dental/Alveolar Palatal Velar Labiovelar Pharyngeal/Uvular Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ ŋw /ŋʷ/
Plosive voiceless (p) t c k kw /kʷ/ (q) (ʔ)
voiced b d j /ɟ/ g gw /gʷ/
glottalized ɓ ɗ ɉ /ʄ/ ɠ
Fricative voiceless f s, (ŧ /θ/) (ʃ) (x) (hw /hʷ/) ħ (h)
voiced (v) (z), (đ /ð/) (ɣ)
Approximant voiced (v /β̞/) (đ /ð̝/) y /j/ (ɣ /ɣ̞/) w ʕ
glottalized (ɽ /ʔ͡r/) (ƴ /ʔʲ/) ( /ʔʷ/)
lateral l
Flap (r /ɾ/)

Vowels

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources