Chlouvānem: Difference between revisions

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~~As expected~~, ~~dative case is used~~ for ~~destination and ablative for origins, e.g.~~ ''~~jñūmui prifliven~~'' - ~~(s)he goes behind~~ the ~~tree;~~ ''~~lālia ñæltah kitų meakfluṃsusah~~'' - ~~my sister is walking from somewhere near home.<br/>~~

These verbs have a peculiarity, as all prefixes except for ''ta-''/''tes-'' make the verb transitive but with a default “common” voice: that is, the agent-trigger is not marked on the verb and only case makes it clear:

~~Prefixes may be combined in order to form more specific meanings, like~~ ''~~bacmūgmṛcce~~'' ~~meaning~~ "~~to run nearer while avoiding something~~"~~. A verb like this has two arguments, a true direction~~ (~~denoted by ''mūg~~-~~'', near~~) ~~and a relative position (~~''~~bac-~~''~~, avoiding);~~ the ~~first one is in~~ the ~~usual dative case, while the latter~~ is ~~in the exessive, e.g.~~ ''~~sāmiåh kitui nanāt ūnimat bacmūgamṛcim~~'' ~~- I ran nearer to your~~ home ~~while avoiding that street.~~

: ''jāyim ñariū āmfliven'' “the girl walks up the mountain” (agent-trigger)

: ''ñariah jāyimei āmfliven'' "the mountain is walked up by the girl" (patient-trigger)

Other examples are:

: ''jñūm prifliven'' "someone goes behind the tree" (lit. *the tree is being went behind)

: ''lālia ñæltah kitu meakfluṃsusah'' "my sister is approaching home"

~~Note~~ that ~~these prefixes may~~ change ~~arguments,~~ for example ''vaske'' (to drive) is transitive and its patient is the means of transport, while the patient of ''khlavaske'' (to go with [by vehicle]) is the person with whom the agent goes.

When there is a prefix expressing relative position and one expressing direction, the most important one is always the one closest to the root; the other one (usually the relative position) is normally expressed with the appropriate case, as in the verb ''bacmūgmṛcce'' "to run nearer (to something) while avoiding (something else)":

: ''sāmiā kita nanāt ūnimat bacmūgamṛca'' "your house has been approached by running while avoiding that street".

Arguments usually change from the non-prefixed forms: for example ''vaske'' (to drive) is transitive and its patient is the means of transport, while the patient of ''khlavaske'' (to go with [by vehicle]) is the person with whom the agent goes.

=====To wear, put on, take off=====

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-As expected, dative case is used for destination and ablative for origins, e.g. ''jñūmui prifliven'' - (s)he goes behind the tree; ''lālia ñæltah kitų meakfluṃsusah'' - my sister is walking from somewhere near home.<br/>
+These verbs have a peculiarity, as all prefixes except for ''ta-''/''tes-'' make the verb transitive but with a default “common” voice: that is, the agent-trigger is not marked on the verb and only case makes it clear:
-Prefixes may be combined in order to form more specific meanings, like ''bacmūgmṛcce'' meaning "to run nearer while avoiding something". A verb like this has two arguments, a true direction (denoted by ''mūg-'', near) and a relative position (''bac-'', avoiding); the first one is in the usual dative case, while the latter is in the exessive, e.g. ''sāmiåh kitui nanāt ūnimat bacmūgamṛcim'' - I ran nearer to your home while avoiding that street.
+: ''jāyim ñariū āmfliven'' “the girl walks up the mountain” (agent-trigger)
+: ''ñariah jāyimei āmfliven'' "the mountain is walked up by the girl" (patient-trigger)
+Other examples are:
+: ''jñūm prifliven'' "someone goes behind the tree" (lit. *the tree is being went behind)
+: ''lālia ñæltah kitu meakfluṃsusah'' "my sister is approaching home"
-Note that these prefixes may change arguments, for example ''vaske'' (to drive) is transitive and its patient is the means of transport, while the patient of ''khlavaske'' (to go with [by vehicle]) is the person with whom the agent goes.
+When there is a prefix expressing relative position and one expressing direction, the most important one is always the one closest to the root; the other one (usually the relative position) is normally expressed with the appropriate case, as in the verb ''bacmūgmṛcce'' "to run nearer (to something) while avoiding (something else)":
+: ''sāmiā kita nanāt ūnimat bacmūgamṛca'' "your house has been approached by running while avoiding that street".
+Arguments usually change from the non-prefixed forms: for example ''vaske'' (to drive) is transitive and its patient is the means of transport, while the patient of ''khlavaske'' (to go with [by vehicle]) is the person with whom the agent goes.
 =====To wear, put on, take off=====