Chlouvānem: Difference between revisions
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Monodirectional verbs are used when there's movement in a single direction, or when the destination is the focus of the verb: | Monodirectional verbs are used when there's movement in a single direction, or when the destination is the focus of the verb: | ||
: ''jāyim | : ''jāyim tarlāmahom fliven'' - the girl walks to school. | ||
: '' | : ''keikom vasau'' - I went to the park [using a vehicle]. | ||
: ''liliā ñæltai | : ''liliā ñæltai kitom jaje janāyų iliha'' - my sisters have swum home in the igarapé from the port. | ||
This last example shows all three cases used for location complements: dative (in lative use) for directions (= '' | This last example shows all three cases used for location complements: dative (in lative use) for directions (= ''tarlāmahom'', ''keikom'', ''kitom''), locative for where the action takes place (''jaje''), and ablative for origins (''janāyų''). | ||
Multidirectional verbs have different uses: | Multidirectional verbs have different uses: | ||
* Generic or habitual actions: | * Generic or habitual actions: | ||
:: ''jāyim | :: ''jāyim tarlāmahom peithė'' - the girl regularly walks to school. | ||
:: ''saminą liliā ñæltai jaje lærṣāli'' - when they were children, my sisters regularly swam in the igarapé. | :: ''saminą liliā ñæltai jaje lærṣāli'' - when they were children, my sisters regularly swam in the igarapé. | ||
* Movement inside a specific location (in locative case, or expressed through locative trigger voice), without any specified direction: | * Movement inside a specific location (in locative case, or expressed through locative trigger voice), without any specified direction: | ||
:: ''marte | :: ''marte peithamimь'' - we walk around the city. | ||
:: ''jaja lærṣėpan'' - as for the igarapé, someone is swimming in there. | :: ''jaja lærṣėpan'' - as for the igarapé, someone is swimming in there. | ||
* Gnomic or potential meanings: | * Gnomic or potential meanings: | ||
:: ''gūṇai mordhęn'' - birds [can] fly. | :: ''gūṇai mordhęn'' - birds [can] fly. | ||
:: ''spragnyæh lalāruṇai pāmveh lilu en nanū | :: ''spragnyæh lalāruṇai pāmveh lilu en nanū dårbhęnsŏ'' - large lalāruṇai can carry more than three people. | ||
* (in the past or perfect) completed movements: movement to a place and then returning back. | * (in the past or perfect) completed movements: movement to a place and then returning back. | ||
:: ''liliā buneya | :: ''liliā buneya galiākinom mordhitь'' - my older sister went to Galiākina by plane [and came back]. | ||
:: ''liliā buneya | :: ''liliā buneya galiākinom mudhitь'' - my older sister went to Galiākina by plane [but she's still there {or at least she was at the time relevant to the topic}]. | ||
Except for this last meaning, multidirectional verbs are never used in the perfect.<br/> | Except for this last meaning, multidirectional verbs are never used in the perfect.<br/> | ||
In auxiliary constructions, monodirectional verbs are never used as habituals (infinitive + ''ñeaʔake''), while multidirectional ones are never used as progressives (p.part + ''gyake''): | In auxiliary constructions, monodirectional verbs are never used as habituals (infinitive + ''ñeaʔake''), while multidirectional ones are never used as progressives (p.part + ''gyake''): | ||
: ''liliā buneya | : ''liliā buneya galiākinom mordhakeñeaʔitь'' - my older sister regularly went to Galiākina by plane. | ||
: ''liliā buneya | : ''liliā buneya galiākinom mugdhyąsŏ mitь'' - my older sister was flying to Galiākina. | ||
====Origin prefixes==== | ====Origin prefixes==== | ||