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'''Dry Icelandic''' (Dry Icelandic: ''gádżyrry llópp'' /kaːqɨtrɨ tləuʰp/) is a language in the [[Proto-Ftseezhic|Ftseezhic]] branch of the Mustlup family. It is inspired by Icelandic, Scottish Gaelic, Northern Sámi, and Pali.


PM ''bxʷay'' > PF ''bā'' > ''bá'' 'father'
[[{{PAGENAME}}/Lexicon|{{PAGENAME}}-English lexicon]]<br/>
[[{{PAGENAME}}/de|Diese Seite auf Deutsch]]


PM ''xdžupɭ'' > PF ''dżufr'' > ''dżyrr'' 'land'
{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|setting = Hussmauch
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename = ''θensārimem''
|pronunciation=  /θensaːrimem/
|region = Talma
|extinct = 220 v.T.
|familycolor=PfK
|fam1= [[Proto-Quihum|Quihum]]
|fam2= [[Talmic languages|Talmic]]
|fam3= Thensaric
|iso3=qth
|notice=IPA
}}


PM ''sƛ̓əp'' > PF ''sξef'' > ''ξξjaf'' 'world'
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' is the dominant modern Talmic language.


PM ''sƛī'' > PF ''sξī'' > ''ξξí'' /ʰtɬʲiː/ 'I'
==Todo==
*"Talma" is from what language? Sounds Clofabic or Talmic
*''Stannyssōs''
*''ȝastranis'' = 'laugh'
*''gīθonis'' = 'fall'
*''insinis'' = 'settle'
*''s3ībinis'' = 'stretch'
*''ryncinis'' = 'turn'
*''svendonis? vendonis? aφo-endonis?'' = 'keep'
*''ēs-notinis'' = 'be quiet, lie dormant'
 
==Background==
:''See also: [[Proto-Talmic]].''


PM ''ŋə̄'' > PF ''ŋə̄'' > ''ŋé'' /ŋəi/ 'thou'
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
Dry Icelandic uses the following consonants:
{{PAGENAME}} used 18 consonants (only two more than [[Phormatolidin]]).
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:700px;text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" |
!  |Labial
!  |Dental
!  |Alveolar
!  |Palatal
!  |Velar
!  |Radical
!  |Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
|colspan="2"| '''n''' /n/
|
| [ŋ]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
! |<small>voiceless</small>
|
|colspan="2"| '''t''' /t/
|
| '''c''' /k/
| [ʡ]
|
|-
! |<small>voiced</small>
| '''b''' /b/
|colspan="2"| '''d''' /d/
|
| '''g''' /g/
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
! |<small>voiceless</small>
| '''φ''' /φ/
| '''θ''' /θ/
| '''s''' /s/
|
|
| '''ħ''' /ħ/
|rowspan="2" | '''h''' /h/
|-
! |<small>voiced</small>
|
| '''δ''' /ð/
| [z]
|
|
| '''ȝ''' /ʕ/
|-
! colspan="2" |Trill
|
|
| '''r''' /r/
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
| '''v''' /ʋ/
| '''l''' /l/
|
| '''j''' /j/
|
|
|
|}
 
;Notes
*Voiceless plosives /p t k/ are lightly aspirated in syllable onsets but are unaspirated after /s/. They're always unaspirated in certain areas.
*[ŋ] occurs as an allophone of /n/ before velars /k, g/.
*/r/ is an alveolar trill [r] or tap [ɾ].
*/l/ is dental [l̪].
*[z] occurs as an allophone of /s/ in /sb, sd, sg/.
*/ʕ/ is either a radical plosive [ʡ] or a radical approximant [ʕ]. The first realization is more common word-initially.
 
===Vowels===
{{PAGENAME}} had a five-vowel system with a quantity distinction.
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; "|
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Front
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''i''' /i/
| '''ī''' /iː/
|
|
| '''u''' /u/
| '''ū''' /uː/
|-
! style="" |Mid
| '''e''' /ɛ/
| '''ē''' /eː/
|
|
| '''o''' /ɔ/
| '''ō''' /oː/
|-
! style="" |Open
|
|
| '''a''' /a/
| '''ā''' /aː/
|
|
|}
 
Diphthongs: '''ae ao ui oi'''
 
===Stress===
Stress is word-initial, ignoring some unstressed prefixes such as pronominal object prefixes.
 
===Phonotactics===
====Allowed clusters====
*R = resonant X = obstruent
*Clusters allowed word-initially are in '''bold'''.
=====Geminates=====
*''mm nn ll rr φφ tt cc ss θθ''
 
=====RR=====
*'''''mn mr''' nl nv lm ln lv rl rm rn rv '''vl vr'''''
 
=====RX=====
*''mφ nt nθ ns nc nħ''
*''mb nd nδ ng nȝ''
*''lφ lb lt ld ls lc lg lȝ lħ''
*''rφ rb rt rd rs rθ rδ rc rg rȝ rħ''


*The glottal stop ''q'', pronounced /ʔ/.
=====XR=====
*The velar stops ''g'', ''k'', ''ŋ'', which are pronounced /k, kʰ, ŋ/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʔkʰ, hk, ʔŋ/ respectively.
*'''''φn bn tn θn cn gn ȝn ħn'''''
*The dental stops ''d'', ''t'', ''n'', which are pronounced /t, tʰ, n/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʔtʰ, ht, ʔn/ respectively.
*'''''sm sn sl sr sv'''''
*The lateral affricates ''dλ'', ''ξ'', which are pronounced /tɬ, tɬʰ/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʔtɬʰ, htɬ/ respectively.
*'''''φl bl tl dl cl gl ȝl ħl'''''
*The alveolar affricates ''dz'', ''c'', which are pronounced /ts, tsʰ/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʔtsʰ, hts/ respectively.
*'''''φr br tr dr θr δr cr gr ȝr ħr'''''
*The fricatives ''h'', ''s'', which are pronounced /x, s/ respectively.
*The labials ''b'', ''p'', ''m'', which are pronounced /p, pʰ, m/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʔpʰ, hp, ʔm/ respectively.
*The resonants ''l'', ''r'', ''v'', ''j'' pronounced /l~ɬ, r, v, j/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʔl, ʔr, kv, c/ respectively.


The majority of consonants come in expected plain and palatalized pairs. Exceptions are noted here:
=====XX=====
*'''''sφ st sc sȝ''' sb sd sg''
*''cs ct ħs ħt''


*Hard ''dż'', ''cz'' are pronounced /q, qʰ/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʔqʰ, hq/ respectively.
=====XXR=====
*Soft ''dž'', ''cz'' are pronounced /tʂ, tʂʰ/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʔtʂʰ, htʂ/ respectively.
*'''''sφr str scl scr sȝl sȝr'''''
*Hard ''þ'', ''σ'', ''sz'' are pronounced /ħ, h, χ/ respectively.
*Soft ''þ'', ''σ'', ''sz'' are pronounced /j, ç, ʂ/ respectively.
*Soft ''f'', ''v'' are pronounced /ç, j/ respectively. (Soft ''v'' behaves identically to ''j''.)
*Soft ''k, g, x'' are pronounced /cʰ, c, ç/ respectively.
*Soft ''s, c, dz'' are pronounced /ɕ, tɕʰ, tɕ/ respectively.


===Vowels===
===Phonological diachronics===
Dry Icelandic has 2 short vowels and 5 long vowels.
====Consonant correspondences====
*''b'' < PQ ''pʼ, b''
*''φ'' < PQ ''p''
*''t'' < PQ ''t, ƛ''
*''d'' < PQ ''tʼ, d''
*''θ'' < PQ ''ł''
*''δ'' < PQ ''ƛʼ''
*''s'' < PQ ''s, c, cʼ?''
*''c'' < PQ ''k, kʷ''
*''g'' < PQ ''kʼ, g''
*''ȝ'' < PQ ''q, qʷ, ɢ, ɢʷ''
*''ħ'' < PQ ''qʼ, qʷʼ''
*''h'' < PQ ''h''
*''m'' < PQ ''m, mʼ''
*''n'' < PQ ''n''
*''l'' < PQ ''l, λ''
*''r'' < PQ ''z, nʼ, lʼ, yʼ, cʼ''
*''v'' < PQ ''w, wʼ''
*''j'' < PQ ''y''
 
====Cluster resolution====
*''tp, tb, tk, tg'' > ''rφ, rb, rc, rg''
 
====Vowel reflexes====
Usually:
*{{recon|''a''}} > ''o''
*{{recon|''ax̌, əx̌, ax̌ʷ''}} > ''ā''
*{{recon|''aʔ, əx̌ʷ''}} > ''ō''
*{{recon|''ə''}} > ''e''
*{{recon|''i''}} > ''i''
*{{recon|''u''}} > ''u''
*{{recon|''ay''}} > ''ȳ''
*{{recon|''əy''}} > ''ae''
*{{recon|''uy''}} > ''ui''
*{{recon|''iy, iʔ, ix''}} > ''ī''
*{{recon|''aw''}} > ''ao''
*{{recon|''əw''}} > ''iō''
*{{recon|''iw''}} > ''iū''
*{{recon|''uʔ, ux, uw''}} > ''ū''
*{{recon|''Cx̌, Cx̌ʷ''}} > ''Ca''
*{{recon|''Cxʷ''}} > ''Co''
*{{recon|''Cx''}} > ''Cy''
*{{recon|''əʔ, əx, ix̌''}} > ''ē''
**or {{recon|''ix̌''}} > ''iā/ia/ea''?
*{{recon|''ux̌, x̌u''}} > ''ō''
*{{recon|''axʷ, ax̌ʷ''}} > ''ao''
*{{recon|''ix̌ʷ''}} > ''iō''
*{{recon|''ux̌ʷ''}} > ''ō''
*{{recon|''iyx̌, iyx̌ʷ''}} > ''iā''
*{{recon|''əyx̌, əyx̌ʷ''}} > ''eā''
*{{recon|''iy(ə)x''}} > ''iē''


*Short vowels: ''a ja y i'' = /a ʲa ɨ ʲi/
==Orthography==
*Long vowels: ''á já é jé ý í ó jó ú jú'' = /aː ʲaː əi ʲəi ɨː ʲiː əu ʲəu uː ʲuː/
Alphabetical order: '''R D I A Ħ Φ M L G C H B S V O J Ȝ Δ Y T N Θ E U'''


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
:''Main article: [[Thensarian/Morphology]]''
===Verbs===
 
==Numbers==
==Syntax==
*0: hríkja /ˈçrʲiːcʰa/
Like many of its descendants, Thensarian is almost completely head-initial (except for compounds).
*1: sécy
===Constituent order===
*2: fli
===Noun phrase===
*3: skó
===Verb phrase===
*4: móvi
===Sentence phrase===
*5: fáhy
===Dependent clauses===
*6: éσja
*7: czjaþa
*8: poŋyd
*9: cján
*10: hjáti
*11: pjóti
*12: cjú
*144: pjóracz /ˈpʰʲuəraqʰ/
*1728: sylja /ˈsɨlʲa/


[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Talmic languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Mustlup languages]]
[[Category:Tricin]]
[[Category:Tricin]]

Revision as of 22:39, 25 July 2017

Anbirese-English lexicon
Diese Seite auf Deutsch

Anbirese
θensārimem
Pronunciation[/θensaːrimem/]
Created byIlL
SettingHussmauch
Extinct220 v.T.
Quihum
Language codes
ISO 639-3qth
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Anbirese is the dominant modern Talmic language.

Todo

  • "Talma" is from what language? Sounds Clofabic or Talmic
  • Stannyssōs
  • ȝastranis = 'laugh'
  • gīθonis = 'fall'
  • insinis = 'settle'
  • s3ībinis = 'stretch'
  • ryncinis = 'turn'
  • svendonis? vendonis? aφo-endonis? = 'keep'
  • ēs-notinis = 'be quiet, lie dormant'

Background

See also: Proto-Talmic.

Phonology

Consonants

Anbirese used 18 consonants (only two more than Phormatolidin).

Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Radical Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ [ŋ]
Plosive voiceless t /t/ c /k/ [ʡ]
voiced b /b/ d /d/ g /g/
Fricative voiceless φ /φ/ θ /θ/ s /s/ ħ /ħ/ h /h/
voiced δ /ð/ [z] ȝ /ʕ/
Trill r /r/
Approximant v /ʋ/ l /l/ j /j/
Notes
  • Voiceless plosives /p t k/ are lightly aspirated in syllable onsets but are unaspirated after /s/. They're always unaspirated in certain areas.
  • [ŋ] occurs as an allophone of /n/ before velars /k, g/.
  • /r/ is an alveolar trill [r] or tap [ɾ].
  • /l/ is dental [l̪].
  • [z] occurs as an allophone of /s/ in /sb, sd, sg/.
  • /ʕ/ is either a radical plosive [ʡ] or a radical approximant [ʕ]. The first realization is more common word-initially.

Vowels

Anbirese had a five-vowel system with a quantity distinction.

Front Central Back
short long short long short long
Close i /i/ ī /iː/ u /u/ ū /uː/
Mid e /ɛ/ ē /eː/ o /ɔ/ ō /oː/
Open a /a/ ā /aː/

Diphthongs: ae ao ui oi

Stress

Stress is word-initial, ignoring some unstressed prefixes such as pronominal object prefixes.

Phonotactics

Allowed clusters

  • R = resonant X = obstruent
  • Clusters allowed word-initially are in bold.
Geminates
  • mm nn ll rr φφ tt cc ss θθ
RR
  • mn mr nl nv lm ln lv rl rm rn rv vl vr
RX
  • mφ nt nθ ns nc nħ
  • mb nd nδ ng nȝ
  • lφ lb lt ld ls lc lg lȝ lħ
  • rφ rb rt rd rs rθ rδ rc rg rȝ rħ
XR
  • φn bn tn θn cn gn ȝn ħn
  • sm sn sl sr sv
  • φl bl tl dl cl gl ȝl ħl
  • φr br tr dr θr δr cr gr ȝr ħr
XX
  • sφ st sc sȝ sb sd sg
  • cs ct ħs ħt
XXR
  • sφr str scl scr sȝl sȝr

Phonological diachronics

Consonant correspondences

  • b < PQ pʼ, b
  • φ < PQ p
  • t < PQ t, ƛ
  • d < PQ tʼ, d
  • θ < PQ ł
  • δ < PQ ƛʼ
  • s < PQ s, c, cʼ?
  • c < PQ k, kʷ
  • g < PQ kʼ, g
  • ȝ < PQ q, qʷ, ɢ, ɢʷ
  • ħ < PQ qʼ, qʷʼ
  • h < PQ h
  • m < PQ m, mʼ
  • n < PQ n
  • l < PQ l, λ
  • r < PQ z, nʼ, lʼ, yʼ, cʼ
  • v < PQ w, wʼ
  • j < PQ y

Cluster resolution

  • tp, tb, tk, tg > rφ, rb, rc, rg

Vowel reflexes

Usually:

  • *a > o
  • *ax̌, əx̌, ax̌ʷ > ā
  • *aʔ, əx̌ʷ > ō
  • *ə > e
  • *i > i
  • *u > u
  • *ay > ȳ
  • *əy > ae
  • *uy > ui
  • *iy, iʔ, ix > ī
  • *aw > ao
  • *əw > iō
  • *iw > iū
  • *uʔ, ux, uw > ū
  • *Cx̌, Cx̌ʷ > Ca
  • *Cxʷ > Co
  • *Cx > Cy
  • *əʔ, əx, ix̌ > ē
    • or *ix̌ > iā/ia/ea?
  • *ux̌, x̌u > ō
  • *axʷ, ax̌ʷ > ao
  • *ix̌ʷ > iō
  • *ux̌ʷ > ō
  • *iyx̌, iyx̌ʷ > iā
  • *əyx̌, əyx̌ʷ > eā
  • *iy(ə)x > iē

Orthography

Alphabetical order: R D I A Ħ Φ M L G C H B S V O J Ȝ Δ Y T N Θ E U

Morphology

Main article: Thensarian/Morphology

Syntax

Like many of its descendants, Thensarian is almost completely head-initial (except for compounds).

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

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