Chlouvānem: Difference between revisions
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In an appropriate context, however, the same verb form can carry an imperfective meaning: | In an appropriate context, however, the same verb form can carry an imperfective meaning: | ||
: ''tammikeika flære lį | : ''tammikeika flære lį yųlopan væse, nanā tammi tadāmo.'' | ||
: train_station.<small>DIR.SG</small>. yesterday. <small>1SG.ERG</small>. eat-<small>IND.PAST. | : train_station.<small>DIR.SG</small>. yesterday. <small>1SG.ERG</small>. eat-<small>IND.PAST.3S.EXTERIOR-LOC</small>. while. , that.<small>DIR.PARROT</small>. train.<small>DIR.SG</small>. arrive-<small>IND.PAST.3S.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small> | ||
: Yesterday I ate at the station. | : Yesterday I ate at the station. | ||
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Generally this imperfective meaning is assumed by other words in the sentence, usually ''væse'' (while), but commonly also ''mbu'' (but) with a related sentence understood to be imperfective. Out of context, imperfective past is usually expressed with an analytic construction: | Generally this imperfective meaning is assumed by other words in the sentence, usually ''væse'' (while), but commonly also ''mbu'' (but) with a related sentence understood to be imperfective. Out of context, imperfective past is usually expressed with an analytic construction: | ||
: ''tammikeika flære lį | : ''tammikeika flære lį yųlasusąpan moe.'' | ||
: train_station.<small>DIR.SG</small>. yesterday. <small>1SG.ERG</small>. eat-<small>PART.PRES.EXTERIOR-PARROT.DIR- | : train_station.<small>DIR.SG</small>. yesterday. <small>1SG.ERG</small>. eat-<small>PART.PRES.EXTERIOR-PARROT.DIR-LOC</small>. be.<small>IND.PAST.3S.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. | ||
: Yesterday I was eating at the station. | : Yesterday I was eating at the station. | ||
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The Chlouvānem perfect is however also used where English would use ''past perfect'' or ''future perfect'', as the “impact on the present” is understood to be on the time the main action in the sentence takes place, thus something that happened earlier is considered to have an impact on it: | The Chlouvānem perfect is however also used where English would use ''past perfect'' or ''future perfect'', as the “impact on the present” is understood to be on the time the main action in the sentence takes place, thus something that happened earlier is considered to have an impact on it: | ||
: ''tammikeika flære lį | : ''tammikeika flære lį uyųlapan, utiya nanā tammi tadāmo''. | ||
: train_station.<small>DIR.SG</small>. yesterday. <small>1SG.ERG</small>. eat-<small>IND.PERF. | : train_station.<small>DIR.SG</small>. yesterday. <small>1SG.ERG</small>. eat-<small>IND.PERF.3S.EXTERIOR-LOC</small>. , then. that.<small>DIR.PARROT</small>. train.<small>DIR.SG</small>. arrive-<small>IND.PAST.3S.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. | ||
: I had [already] eaten at the station yesterday when the train arrived. | : I had [already] eaten at the station yesterday when the train arrived. | ||
: ''tammikeika lį | : ''tammikeika lį uyųlapan, utiya nanā tammi tafluniṣya.'' | ||
: train_station.<small>DIR.SG</small>. <small>1SG.ERG</small>. eat-<small>IND.PERF. | : train_station.<small>DIR.SG</small>. <small>1SG.ERG</small>. eat-<small>IND.PERF.3S.EXTERIOR-LOC</small>. , then. that.<small>DIR.PARROT</small>. train.<small>DIR.SG</small>. arrive-<small>IND.FUT.3S.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. | ||
: I will have [already] eaten at the station when the train arrives. | : I will have [already] eaten at the station when the train arrives. | ||