Qino: Difference between revisions

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****''u'': add epenthetic ''-w-'' followed by ''-ow/ey''

**'''Predicative''': Used for predicative nouns. This is not a true case but rather the absolutive fused to the copula. This fusing is optional, and in the present indicative the copula can be dropped entirely.

***Absolutive ending in consonant or short, unstressed vowel: ''-e'' (declines as adjective; inchoative: ''-akki''), ''-dha'' (invariant; present only; doesn't affect stress) - e.g. ''Maxámmad'' → ''Maxammade, Maxámmaddha''

***Absolutive ending in consonant or short, unstressed vowel: ''-e'' (declines as adjective; inchoative: ''-akki'') - e.g. ''Maxámmad'' → ''Maxammade''

***Absolutive ending in long or stressed vowel: ''-she'' (declines as adjective; inchoative: ''-kki''), ''-dha'' (invariant; present only) - e.g. ''makiiná'' → ''makiinadhe, makiinadha''

***Absolutive ending in long or stressed vowel: ''-she'' (declines as adjective; inchoative: ''-kki'') - e.g. ''makiiná'' → ''makiinadhe, makiinadha''

***Independent forms of the copula: ''dha'' (invariant; present only), ''(sh)e'' (adjective declension; inchoative: ''akki'')

:::e.g. ''Maxammadú nama / nama e / nama she / nama dha / name / námadha.'' "Muhammad is a person."

:::e.g. ''Maxammadú nama / nama e / nama she / nama dha / name.'' "Muhammad is a person."

::::''namiye'' "I am a person"; ''namakké'' "I have become a person"

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 ****''u'': add epenthetic ''-w-'' followed by ''-ow/ey''
 **'''Predicative''': Used for predicative nouns. This is not a true case but rather the absolutive fused to the copula. This fusing is optional, and in the present indicative the copula can be dropped entirely.
-***Absolutive ending in consonant or short, unstressed vowel: ''-e'' (declines as adjective; inchoative: ''-akki''), ''-dha'' (invariant; present only; doesn't affect stress) - e.g. ''Maxámmad'' → ''Maxammade, Maxámmaddha''
+***Absolutive ending in consonant or short, unstressed vowel: ''-e'' (declines as adjective; inchoative: ''-akki'')<!--, ''-dha'' (invariant; present only; doesn't affect stress)--> - e.g. ''Maxámmad'' → ''Maxammade<!--, Maxámmaddha-->''
-***Absolutive ending in long or stressed vowel: ''-she'' (declines as adjective; inchoative: ''-kki''), ''-dha'' (invariant; present only) - e.g. ''makiiná'' → ''makiinadhe, makiinadha''
+***Absolutive ending in long or stressed vowel: ''-she'' (declines as adjective; inchoative: ''-kki'')<!--, ''-dha'' (invariant; present only)--> - e.g. ''makiiná'' → ''makiinadhe, makiinadha''
 ***Independent forms of the copula: ''dha'' (invariant; present only), ''(sh)e'' (adjective declension; inchoative: ''akki'')<!--, ''dhe'' (= ''dha + e''; adjective declension)-->
-:::e.g. ''Maxammadú nama / nama e / nama she / nama dha / <!--nama dhe / -->name / námadha.'' "Muhammad is a person."
+:::e.g. ''Maxammadú nama / nama e / nama she / nama dha / <!--nama dhe / -->name<!-- / námadha-->.'' "Muhammad is a person."
 ::::''namiye'' "I am a person"; ''namakké'' "I have become a person"