Qino: Difference between revisions

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***Independent form: ''ad''

*'''Pseudo-cases:'''

**'''Vocative:''' Used for calling someone.

**'''Vocative:''' Used for calling someone. The masculine ending is ''-ow'' and the feminine ending is ''-ey''. Original word stress is maintained. These endings may change if the word ends in a vowel.

***Absolutive ending in consonant or ''-a'': ''-ow; -ey'' (for masculine and feminine respectively)

***Absolutive ending in ''-e'' or ''-i'' (except names in ''-i'') : ''-ew; -ey''

***Name ending in ''-i'': ''-iyow; -ey''

***Absolutive ending in ''-o'' or ''-u'' (except names in ''-u''): ''-ow; -oy''

***Name ending in ''-u'': ''-ow; -uwey''

***Absolutive ending in stressed/long ''a, e,'' or ''o'': lengthen final vowel if short and add ''-w'' (masculine) or ''-y'' (feminine)

***Absolutive ending in ''-í'' or ''-ii'': ''-iyow; -iyey''

***Absolutive ending in ''-ú'' or ''-uu'': ''-uwow; -uwey'

<!--

***Masculine with absolutive ending in consonant or short, unstressed vowel: ''-ow'' (with stress maintained) - e.g. ''namka'' → ''námkow'', ''Maxámmad'' → ''Maxámmadow''

***Feminine with absolutive ending in consonant or short, unstressed vowel: ''-ey'' (with stress maintained) - e.g. ''shimmirti'' → ''shimírtey'', ''Faadhuma'' → ''Faadhúmey''

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****''e'' or ''i'': ''-y-''

****''o'' or ''u'': ''-w-''

-->

->

***Absolutive ending in long and/or stressed vowel:

****''a, e, o'': lengthen final vowel if short and add ''-w/y'' (for masculine/feminine respectively) - e.g. ''makiiná'' → ''makiinaay''

****''i'': add epenthetic ''-y-'' followed by ''-ow/ey''

****''u'': add epenthetic ''-w-'' followed by ''-ow/ey''

-->

**'''Predicative''': Used for predicative nouns. This is not a true case but rather the absolutive fused to the copula. This fusing is optional, and in the present indicative the copula can be dropped entirely.

***Absolutive ending in consonant or short, unstressed vowel: ''-e'' (declines as adjective; inchoative: ''-akki'') - e.g. ''Maxámmad'' → ''Maxammade''

@@ Line 373: / Line 373: @@
 ***Independent form: ''ad''
 *'''Pseudo-cases:'''
-**'''Vocative:''' Used for calling someone.
+**'''Vocative:''' Used for calling someone. The masculine ending is ''-ow'' and the feminine ending is ''-ey''. Original word stress is maintained. These endings may change if the word ends in a vowel.
+***Absolutive ending in consonant or ''-a'': ''-ow; -ey'' (for masculine and feminine respectively)
+***Absolutive ending in ''-e'' or ''-i'' (except names in ''-i'') : ''-ew; -ey''
+***Name ending in ''-i'': ''-iyow; -ey''
+***Absolutive ending in ''-o'' or ''-u'' (except names in ''-u''): ''-ow; -oy''
+***Name ending in ''-u'': ''-ow; -uwey''
+***Absolutive ending in stressed/long ''a, e,'' or ''o'': lengthen final vowel if short and add ''-w'' (masculine) or ''-y'' (feminine)
+***Absolutive ending in ''-í'' or ''-ii'': ''-iyow; -iyey''
+***Absolutive ending in ''-ú'' or ''-uu'': ''-uwow; -uwey'
+<!--
 ***Masculine with absolutive ending in consonant or short, unstressed vowel: ''-ow'' (with stress maintained)  - e.g. ''namka'' → ''námkow'', ''Maxámmad'' → ''Maxámmadow''
 ***Feminine with absolutive ending in consonant or short, unstressed vowel: ''-ey'' (with stress maintained)  - e.g. ''shimmirti'' → ''shimírtey'', ''Faadhuma'' → ''Faadhúmey''
@@ Line 381: / Line 390: @@
 ****''e'' or ''i'': ''-y-''
 ****''o'' or ''u'': ''-w-''
--->
+->
 ***Absolutive ending in long and/or stressed vowel:
 ****''a, e, o'': lengthen final vowel if short and add ''-w/y'' (for masculine/feminine respectively) - e.g. ''makiiná'' → ''makiinaay''
 ****''i'': add epenthetic ''-y-'' followed by ''-ow/ey''
 ****''u'': add epenthetic ''-w-'' followed by ''-ow/ey''
+-->
 **'''Predicative''': Used for predicative nouns. This is not a true case but rather the absolutive fused to the copula. This fusing is optional, and in the present indicative the copula can be dropped entirely.
 ***Absolutive ending in consonant or short, unstressed vowel: ''-e'' (declines as adjective; inchoative: ''-akki'')<!--, ''-dha'' (invariant; present only; doesn't affect stress)--> - e.g. ''Maxámmad'' → ''Maxammade<!--, Maxámmaddha-->''