- This is Sketch C, based on the premises stated in the description of commission N°271 in the LCS's Jobs Board. This should probably furthermore be seen primarily as a sketching exercise, since I'm not very likely to be able to meet the stated deadline.
| Premise as stated in the job description:
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| "Vaguely Afghan — mountain primitives and coastal dwellers (depending) — we only meet the mountain primitives — with a territory-raiding and cross-breeding relationship to (A)."
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Phonology and orthography
Phonology
Vowels
|
|
Front
|
Near-front
|
Central
|
Near-back
|
Back
|
| Close
|
|
i(ː)
u(ː)
e(ː)
o(ː)
ə
æ
äː
ɒ
|
|
| Near‑close
|
| Close‑mid
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| Mid
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| Open‑mid
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| Near‑open
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| Open
|
Consonants
|
|
Labial
|
Coronal
|
Dorsal
|
Labiovelar
|
Laryngeal
|
| Bilabial
|
Labiodental
|
Dental
|
Alveolar
|
Palatoalveolar
|
Retroflex
|
Palatal
|
Velar
|
Uvular
|
Glottal
|
| Plosive
|
p
|
b
|
|
|
t
|
d
|
|
|
|
|
[ʈ]
|
[ɖ]
|
|
|
k
|
g
|
[q]
|
[ɢ]
|
|
|
ʔ
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| Nasal
|
|
m
|
|
|
|
|
|
n
|
|
|
|
[ɳ]
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|
ɲ
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|
ŋ
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|
|
|
ŋʷ
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| Trill
|
|
|
|
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|
r
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| Tap/flap
|
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ɾ
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
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| Fricative
|
ɸ
|
β
|
[f]
|
[v]
|
θ
|
[ð]
|
s
|
z
|
ʃ
|
ʒ
|
[ʂ]
|
[ʐ]
|
[ç]
|
[ʝ]
|
x
|
ɣ
|
|
|
xʷ
|
|
h
|
| Africate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ʦ
|
ʣ
|
ʧ
|
ʤ
|
|
|
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| Approximant
|
|
|
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ɹ
|
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|
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|
j
|
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|
|
|
|
w
|
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| Lateral Appr.
|
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|
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|
l
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Phonotaxis
Syllable structure
Syllables may be structured as (C)(S)V(S)(C(C)), consisting of an optional syllable onset, one consonant; an obligatory syllable nucleus, a vowel optionally preceded by and/or followed by a semivowel; and an optional syllable coda, one or two consonants. The following restrictions apply:
- Onset
- Consonant (C): can be any consonant. (composed only of one consonant; consonant clusters are only found in loanwords, sometimes an epenthetic /ə/ is inserted between consonants.)
- Nucleus
- Semivowel (S)
- Vowel (V)
- Semivowel (S)
- Coda
- First consonant (C): can be any consonant.
- Second consonant (C): can also be any consonant (mostly /d/, /k/, /s/, /t/, & /z/).
Allophony
| Phoneme |
Allophone |
Rule |
Description
|
| /t/ /d/ /n/ /s/ /z/ |
/ʈ/ /ɖ/ /ɳ/ /ʂ/ /ʐ/ |
|
word final
|
| /k/ /g/ |
/q/ /ɢ/ |
|
word final
|
| /ɸ/ /β/ |
/f/ /v/ |
|
|
| /θ/ |
/ð/ |
|
|
| /r/ |
/ɾ/ |
|
|
| /r/ |
/ɹ/ |
r→ɹ /V_N |
after vowels and before nasals
|
| /r/ |
/ʐ/ |
|
word final
|
| /tu/ /nu/ /ku/ /gu/ /xu/ /ŋu/ |
/tʷ/ /nʷ/ /kʷ/ /gʷ/ /xʷ/ /ŋʷ/ |
u.V→ʷV. /C_.V C=[+velar]{ɣ}, [t, n] |
|
Orthography
Latin transcription
| IPA |
i |
iː |
e |
eː |
o |
oː |
u |
uː |
ɒ |
äː |
æ |
ə
|
| Romanization |
i |
ī |
e |
ē |
o |
ō |
u |
ū |
a |
ā |
ä |
ë
|
| IPA |
p |
b |
t |
d |
k |
g |
ʔ |
m |
n |
ɲ |
ŋ |
ŋʷ |
r |
ɹ |
l |
j |
w
|
| Romanization |
p |
b |
t |
d |
k |
g |
' |
m |
n |
ń |
ṇ |
ṇw |
ŕ |
r |
l |
y |
w
|
| Alternative romanization |
p |
b |
t |
d |
k |
g |
' |
m |
n |
ny |
ng |
ngw |
r |
rh |
l |
y |
w
|
|
| ɸ |
β |
θ |
s |
z |
ʃ |
ʒ |
x |
ɣ |
xʷ |
h |
ʦ |
ʣ |
ʧ |
ʤ
|
| f |
v |
ϑ |
s |
z |
ṣ |
ẓ |
x |
ǵ |
xw |
h |
ts |
dz |
ĉ |
ĵ
|
| f |
v |
th |
s |
z |
sh |
zh |
x |
gh |
xw |
h |
ts |
dz |
ch |
dj
|
|
|
Morphology and syntax
