Tsimulh languages/Lexicon
Swadesh
take words from Wiobic, must reconstruct from Swutsim
| No. | English | Proto-Tsimulh |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | Sw: co, cə- |
| 2 | you (singular) | Sw: fo, fə- |
| 3 | he | Sw: ə- |
| 4 | we | Sw: ot, gwə- |
| 5 | you (plural) | Sw: tsüσ, tsü- |
| 6 | they | Sw: tsə- (animate) |
| 7 | this | Sw: ba- |
| 8 | that | Sw: i- |
| 9 | here | Sw: pə |
| 10 | there | Sw: ifə |
| 11 | who | Sw: yo |
| 12 | what | Sw: yast |
| 13 | where | Sw: yəfə |
| 14 | when | Sw: yets |
| 15 | how | Sw: yəyʔa |
| 16 | not | Sw: σə- |
| 17 | all | Sw: -cwach |
| 18 | many | Sw: -zab |
| 19 | some | Sw: -ʔem |
| 20 | few | Sw: -nudh |
| 21 | other | Sw: -chasj |
| 22 | one | Sw: adh |
| 23 | two | Sw: fisj |
| 24 | three | Sw: iyəv |
| 25 | four | Sw: uzon |
| 26 | five | Sw: tu |
| 27 | big | Sw: hoξ |
| 28 | long | Sw: tayəv |
| 29 | wide | Sw: aσun |
| 30 | thick | Sw: oüs |
| 31 | heavy | Sw: tjütaσ |
| 32 | small | Sw: sjədh |
| 33 | short | Sw: zof |
| 34 | narrow | Sw: scwad |
| 35 | thin | Sw: vəʔidh |
| 36 | woman | Sw: əσü |
| 37 | man (adult male) | Sw: ətotj |
| 38 | man (human being) | Sw: hüʔə |
| 39 | child | Sw: əbechw |
| 40 | wife | Sw: əsjəσcha |
| 41 | husband | Sw: əyəp |
| 42 | mother | Sw: əmam |
| 43 | father | Sw: əpap |
| 44 | animal | Sw: əswəd |
| 45 | fish | Sw: büsav |
| 46 | bird | Sw: büfed |
| 47 | dog | Sw: bütseə 'dog' |
| 48 | louse | Sw: boʔusj |
| 49 | snake | Sw: bücuʔəσ |
| 50 | worm | Sw: büheəʔa |
| 51 | tree | Sw: pəwayts |
| 52 | forest | Sw: stsaσ |
| 53 | stick | Sw: pəvisiσ |
| 54 | fruit | Sw: psüy |
| 55 | seed | Sw: ξəpi |
| 56 | leaf | Sw: yoec |
| 57 | root | Sw: pəʔesj |
| 58 | bark (of a tree) | Sw: əyvə |
| 59 | flower | Sw: pσev |
| 60 | grass | Sw: pchwit |
| 61 | rope | Sw: pʔetj |
| 62 | skin | Sem, xjeom |
| 63 | meat | Ihs, ix |
| 64 | blood | Tquemp, tkjeov |
| 65 | bone | Wäker, vaekar |
| 66 | fat (noun) | Tliug, tlju |
| 67 | egg | Que, kvje |
| 68 | horn | Fies, fjes |
| 69 | tail | Suong, xong |
| 70 | feather | Wöll, voel |
| 71 | hair | Höß, hosj |
| 72 | head | Fnah, fnah |
| 73 | ear | Pihr, pir |
| 74 | eye | Gul, geol |
| 75 | nose | Ihlt, ilt |
| 76 | mouth | Mpoh, boh |
| 77 | tooth | Nßud, zu |
| 78 | tongue (organ) | War, vazj |
| 79 | fingernail | Mpahng-Haf, bong-ram |
| 80 | foot | |
| 81 | leg | |
| 82 | knee | |
| 83 | hand | |
| 84 | wing | |
| 85 | belly | |
| 86 | guts | |
| 87 | neck | |
| 88 | back | |
| 89 | breast | |
| 90 | heart | |
| 91 | liver | |
| 92 | to drink | |
| 93 | to eat | |
| 94 | to bite | |
| 95 | to suck | |
| 96 | to spit | |
| 97 | to vomit | |
| 98 | to blow | |
| 99 | to breathe | |
| 100 | to laugh | |
| 101 | to see | |
| 102 | to hear | |
| 103 | to know | |
| 104 | to think | |
| 105 | to smell | |
| 106 | to fear | |
| 107 | to sleep | |
| 108 | to live | |
| 109 | to die | |
| 110 | to kill | Sw: cwat |
| 111 | to fight | |
| 112 | to hunt | |
| 113 | to hit | |
| 114 | to cut | |
| 115 | to split | |
| 116 | to stab | |
| 117 | to scratch | |
| 118 | to dig | |
| 119 | to swim | |
| 120 | to fly | |
| 121 | to walk | |
| 122 | to come | |
| 123 | to lie (as in a bed) | |
| 124 | to sit | |
| 125 | to stand | |
| 126 | to turn (intransitive) | |
| 127 | to fall | |
| 128 | to give | |
| 129 | to hold | |
| 130 | to squeeze | |
| 131 | to rub | |
| 132 | to wash | |
| 133 | to wipe | |
| 134 | to pull | |
| 135 | to push | |
| 136 | to throw | |
| 137 | to tie | |
| 138 | to sew | |
| 139 | to count | |
| 140 | to say | |
| 141 | to sing | |
| 142 | to play | |
| 143 | to float | |
| 144 | to flow | |
| 145 | to freeze | |
| 146 | to swell | |
| 147 | sun | |
| 148 | moon | |
| 149 | star | |
| 150 | water | |
| 151 | rain | |
| 152 | river | |
| 153 | lake | |
| 154 | sea | |
| 155 | salt | |
| 156 | stone | |
| 157 | sand | |
| 158 | dust | |
| 159 | earth | |
| 160 | cloud | |
| 161 | fog | |
| 162 | sky | |
| 163 | wind | |
| 164 | snow | |
| 165 | ice | Sw: σipe |
| 166 | smoke | |
| 167 | fire | |
| 168 | ash | |
| 169 | to burn | |
| 170 | road | |
| 171 | mountain | |
| 172 | red | |
| 173 | green | |
| 174 | yellow | |
| 175 | white | |
| 176 | black | ' |
| 177 | night | |
| 178 | day | |
| 179 | year | |
| 180 | warm | |
| 181 | cold | |
| 182 | full | |
| 183 | new | |
| 184 | old | |
| 185 | good | |
| 186 | bad | |
| 187 | rotten | |
| 188 | dirty | |
| 189 | straight | |
| 190 | round | |
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) | |
| 192 | dull (as a knife) | |
| 193 | smooth | |
| 194 | wet | |
| 195 | dry | |
| 196 | correct | |
| 197 | near | |
| 198 | far | |
| 199 | right | |
| 200 | left | |
| 201 | at | Sw: chwet |
| 202 | in | Sw: ef |
| 203 | with | Sw: hədj |
| 204 | and | Sw: bo |
| 205 | if | Sw: dhi |
| 206 | because | Sw: vatəv |
| 207 | name | Sw: tjway |
Wiobic words
80-99
! English
!c=01| PWio
!c=03| Wiobian
!c=04| Tsjoen
!c=05| Feiden
!c=06| Æ
|-
|i=No| 80
! foot
|c=01|
|c=03|Kehr
|c=04|kjer
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 81
! leg
|c=01|
|c=03|Zrahk
|c=04|hop
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 82
! knee
|c=01|heungun
|c=03|Hiung
|c=04|hjungan
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 83
! hand
|c=01|mpaang
|c=03|Mpahng
|c=04|bong
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 84
! wing
|c=01|
|c=03|Gähmp
|c=04|ljezj
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 85
! belly
|c=01|
|c=03|jug
|c=04|xeo
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 86
! guts
|c=01|
|c=03|Psan
|c=04|psan
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 87
! neck
|c=01|
|c=03|Ktäte
|c=04|ktaete
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 88
! back
|c=01|
|c=03|Gehnt
|c=04|gjed
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 89
! breast
|c=01|
|c=03|Siner
|c=04|xeunar
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 90
! heart
|c=01|
|c=03|Link
|c=04|ljeog
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 91
! liver
|c=01|
|c=03|Ahnt
|c=04|od
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 92
! to drink
|c=01|
|c=03|wek
|c=04|vjeok
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 93
! to eat
|c=01|
|c=03|grob
|c=04|am
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 94
! to bite
|c=01|
|c=03|kep
|c=04|aek
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 95
! to suck
|c=01|
|c=03|blak
|c=04|blak
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 96
! to spit
|c=01|
|c=03|peg
|c=04|pah
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 97
! to vomit
|c=01|
|c=03|weig
|c=04|hvae
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 98
! to blow
(as wind)
|c=01|
|c=03|zrie
|c=04|tsrjeoh
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 99
! to breathe
|c=01|
|c=03|tmang
|c=04|vih
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|
100-119
! English
!c=01| PWio
!c=03| Wiobian
!c=04| Tsjoen
!c=05| Feiden
!c=06| Æ
|-
|i=No| 100
! to laugh
|c=01|
|c=03|hähmper
|c=04|hjever
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 101
! to see
|c=01|
|c=03|tuhk
|c=04|tuk
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 102
! to hear
|c=01|
|c=03|rüge
|c=04|ry
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 103
! to know
(a fact)
|c=01|
|c=03|sie
|c=04|sjeo
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 104
! to think
|c=01|
|c=03|gdunß
|c=04|gdeoz
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 105
! to smell
(sense odor)
|c=01|
|c=03|ntihl
|c=04|dil
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 106
! to fear
|c=01|
|c=03|tmedj
|c=04|tmje
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 107
! to sleep
|c=01|
|c=03|bleid
|c=04|blae
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 108
! to live
|c=01|yund-
|c=03|jund
|c=04|jeod
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 109
! to die
|c=01|rjeeb
|c=03|rehb
|c=04|zje
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 110
! to kill
|c=01|
|c=03|quat
|c=04|snjeoh
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 111
! to fight
|c=01|
|c=03|quähmp
|c=04|goetar
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 112
! to hunt
(transitive)
|c=01|
|c=03|dionge
|c=04|djunga
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 113
! to hit
|c=01|
|c=03|kraz
|c=04|hak
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 114
! to cut
|c=01|
|c=03|hiz
|c=04|hetj
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 115
! to split
|c=01|
|c=03|kriob
|c=04|draen
|c=05|drein
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 116
! to stab
(or stick)
|c=01|
|c=03|kaz
|c=04|tnjok
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 117
! to scratch
(an itch)
|c=01|
|c=03|razer
|c=04|syrk
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 118
! to dig
|c=01|
|c=03|benohß
|c=04|nos
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 119
! to swim
|c=01|
|c=03|nkiud
|c=04|gju
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|
120-139
! English
!c=01| PWio
!c=03| Wiobian
!c=04| Tsjoen
!c=05| Feiden
!c=06| Æ
|-
|i=No| 120
! to fly
|c=01|
|c=03|nkoup
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 121
! to walk
|c=01|
|c=03|smein
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 122
! to come
|c=01|
|c=03|fiunt
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 123
! to lie
(as on one's side)
|c=01|
|c=03|geing
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 124
! to sit
|c=01|
|c=03|zior
|c=04|tjor
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 125
! to stand
|c=01|
|c=03|hwähl
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 126
! to turn
(change direction)
|c=01|
|c=03|hüöz
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 127
! to fall
(as in drop)
|c=01|
|c=03|þomp
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 128
! to give
|c=01|
|c=03|rieng
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 129
! to hold
(in one's hand)
|c=01|
|c=03|prönj
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 130
! to squeeze
|c=01|
|c=03|sehf
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 131
! to rub
|c=01|
|c=03|zra
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 132
! to wash
|c=01|
|c=03|hweil
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 133
! to wipe
|c=01|
|c=03|tpahg
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 134
! to pull
|c=01|
|c=03|spehm
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 135
! to push
|c=01|
|c=03|pliek
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 136
! to throw
|c=01|
|c=03|luoz
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 137
! to tie
|c=01|
|c=03|nzähm
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 138
! to sew
|c=01|
|c=03|mpuok
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 139
! to count
|c=01|
|c=03|pthähß
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|
140-159
! English
!c=01| PWio
!c=03| Wiobian
!c=04| Tsjoen
!c=05| Feiden
!c=06| Æ
|-
|i=No| 140
! to say
|c=01|
|c=03|quap
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 141
! to sing
|c=01|
|c=03|wehnt
|c=04|vjed
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 142
! to play
|c=01|
|c=03|twamp
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 143
! to float
|c=01|
|c=03|þwihl
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 144
! to flow
|c=01|
|c=03|njühnj
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 145
! to freeze
|c=01|
|c=03|mpüöleß
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 146
! to swell
|c=01|
|c=03|quank
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 147
! sun
|c=01|pes
|c=03|Peß
|c=04|pjeos
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 148
! moon
|c=01|thuuntu
|c=03|Thuhnt
|c=04|tud
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 149
! star
|c=01|heemp
|c=03|Hehmp
|c=04|hjev
|c=05|hiib
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 150
! water
|c=01|niim
|c=03|Nihm
|c=04|nim
|c=05|naim
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 151
! rain
|c=01|
|c=03|Nkrang
|c=04|sun
|c=05|haun
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 152
! river
|c=01|
|c=03|Njåhl
|c=04|brjeong
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 153
! lake
|c=01|
|c=03|Meßöü
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 154
! sea
(as in ocean)
|c=01|
|c=03|Lahnzem
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 155
! salt
|c=01|ntjwain
|c=03|Nzwein
|c=04|zvaen
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 156
! stone
|c=01|
|c=03|Parer
|c=04|pazjar
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 157
! sand
|c=01|
|c=03|Zrihf
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 158
! dust
|c=01|
|c=03|Tlehb
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 159
! earth
(as in soil)
|c=01|
|c=03|Proum
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|
160-179
! English
!c=01| PWio
!c=03| Wiobian
!c=04| Tsjoen
!c=05| Feiden
!c=06| Æ
|-
|i=No| 160
! cloud
|c=01|
|c=03|Bahnjeng
|c=04|hvjota
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 161
! fog
|c=01|
|c=03|Ssal
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 162
! sky
|c=01|hweuta, sing
|c=03|Hwiote
|c=04|sjeong
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 163
! wind
(as in breeze)
|c=01|
|c=03|Ssåmf
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 164
! snow
|c=01|
|c=03|Nzär
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 165
! ice
|c=01|
|c=03|Ssium
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 166
! smoke
|c=01|
|c=03|Trahm
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 167
! fire
|c=01|
|c=03|Zlieg
|c=04|
|c=05|
|-
|i=No| 168
! ashes
|c=01|
|c=03|Pkut
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 169
! to burn
(intransitive)
|c=01|
|c=03|mior
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 170
! road
|c=01|
|c=03|Kähnz
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 171
! mountain
|c=01|
|c=03|Råg
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 172
! red
|c=01|
|c=03|jähk
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 173
! green
|c=01|
|c=03|toump
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 174
! yellow
|c=01|
|c=03|slif
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 175
! white
|c=01|
|c=03|jahgem
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 176
! black
|c=01|
|c=03|peig
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 177
! night
|c=01|
|c=03|Dienz
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 178
! day
(daytime)
|c=01|
|c=03|Mohs
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 179
! year
|c=01|
|c=03|Mdehg
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|
180-199
! English
!c=01| PWio
!c=03| Wiobian
!c=04| Tsjoen
!c=05| Feiden
!c=06| Æ
|-
|i=No| 180
! warm
(as in weather)
|c=01|
|c=03|zäker
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 181
! cold
(as in weather)
|c=01|
|c=03|thang
|c=04|tang
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 182
! full
|c=01|
|c=03|ßiemp
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 183
! new
|c=01|
|c=03|honz
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 184
! old
|c=01|
|c=03|hwä
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 185
! good
|c=01|sjaa
|c=03|sa
|c=04|xa
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 186
! bad
|c=01|
|c=03|nzour
|c=04|muk
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 187
! rotten
(as, a log)
|c=01|
|c=03|eniedj
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 188
! dirty
|c=01|
|c=03|preik
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 189
! straight
|c=01|
|c=03|spih
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 190
! round
|c=01|
|c=03|tuonk
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 191
! sharp
(as a knife)
|c=01|
|c=03|ähp
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 192
! dull
(as a knife)
|c=01|
|c=03|wihf
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 193
! smooth
|c=01|
|c=03|quarep
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 194
! wet
|c=01|
|c=03|jemel
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 195
! dry
(adjective)
|c=01|
|c=03|üöf
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 196
! right
(correct)
|c=01|
|c=03|hweik
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 197
! near
|c=01|
|c=03|wähd
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 198
! far
|c=01|
|c=03|kliefel
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 199
! right
(side)
|c=01|
|c=03|bdeh
|c=04|
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No|
200-207
! English
!c=01| PWio
!c=03| Wiobian
!c=04| Tsjoen
!c=05| Feiden
!c=06| Æ
|-
|i=No| 200
! left
(side)
|c=01|
|c=03|nzühß
|c=04|zys
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 201
! at
|c=01|
|c=03|-en
|c=04|je
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 202
! in
|c=01|
|c=03|-el
|c=04|ha
|c=05|
|c=08|
|-
|i=No| 203
! with
(accompanying)
|c=01|
|c=03|-emp
|c=04|sae
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 204
! and
|c=01|
|c=03|je
|c=04|ti
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 205
! if
|c=01|
|c=03|wek
|c=04|sjeol
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 206
! because
|c=01|
|c=03|njeh
|c=04|dmu
|c=05|
|c=07|
|-
|i=No| 207
! name
|c=01|iink
|c=03|Ihnk
|c=04|ink
|c=05|
|c=08|
|}