Páuluòbeng

Báoluòveng (yi vBáoluòveng) is a minority language closely related to Qenian, but is distinct enough to be regarded as a separate language.

Todo

Glottal reinforcement mania

Final schwa > tone split

dr tr sr > zh ch sh

dèi, yi zèi = valley

xüeid /ɕɥøʏʔ/ = rose

mand /manʔ/ = to take

ted /təʔ/ = beautiful

dùn /du:n/ = far

duāilig /dwɑɪljəʔ/ = to demand, to pester

màr /mɑ:/ = tree

Phonology

More Mandarin than Qenian - be careful not to have linking R everywhere

Tones

Báoluòveng is a strongly pitch-accent language.

Three tones for long vowels:

• ā or a: mid level, relaxed
  • jiarm /t͡ɕɑ:m/ 'heavy'
• á: rising
• à: falling

Consonants

p b f v t d c z s з /z/ q j x ξ /ʑ/ ch zh sh r /ɹ/ k g h γ /ɣ/ θ /ħ/ ħ /h/ m n ng l w y - stops are voiced as in English

• /tʂw tʂʰw ʂw ɹw/ do not labialize to /pf pfʰ f ʋ/
• Historical initial /f/ retained
• Broad /l/ is only dark in coda position
• h = /x/ θ = /ħ/, ħ = /h/

Vowels

Báoluòveng uses an RP-like pronunciation for R-colored vowels. Linking R is used, unlike in Standard Qenian.

Short vowels:

• a e ie i o u ü /a ə jɛ ɪ wɔ ʊ ʏ/

Diphthongs:

• ai ei uai ui ao iao ou iu iei üei /aɪ ɛɪ waɪ wɛɪ aʊ jaʊ əʊ jəʊ jɛɪ ɥøʏ/

Long vowels:

• ì ù ǜ /iː uː yː/
• uor, uòr, uò, ur, ùr /oː(ɹ)/
• (i)ar, (i)àr, (i)à /(j)ɑː(ɹ)/
• er, èr, eir /ɜː(ɹ)/
• ir, ìr, ier, ièr /jɜː(ɹ)~jɛː(ɹ)/
• ür, ǜr /ɥɜː(ɹ)~ɥœː(ɹ)/
• uir /wɜː(ɹ)/
• air, aor, our /ajə(ɹ)~ɑː(ɹ), awə(ɹ)~aː(ɹ), əwə(ɹ)~ɜː(ɹ)/
• angr engr ingr ongr ungr üngr /ɑ̃ː(ɹ) ə̃ː(ɹ) jə̃ː(ɹ) õː(ɹ) õː(ɹ) ɥə̃ː(ɹ)/
  • e.g. liangr /ljɑ̃̀ː(ɹ)/ 'dream'

Final vowels:

• final -a = final -er = final -e = /(j)ə(ɹ)/
• final -i = /ɪ/
• final -u = /ʊ/

Many grammatical endings are merged in Páuluòbeng.

Grammar

Nouns

No case; everything merged to nominative

Genders: common and neuter

Verbs

Analytic like Qenian; uses AuxSVO word order