Eighth edition lekma
Phonology
- graphs are listed below.
| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Retroflex | Alveolo-palatal | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Epiglottal | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m m |
n n |
ɳ nr |
ɲ nh |
ŋ un,-nn |
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| Plosive | p b ff,b rb |
t d t,d rd |
k g k-,c rc |
ʔ n/a | |||||||||
| Affricate | t͡s tz |
ʈ͡ʂ tr |
t͡ɕ th |
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| Fricative | f f |
θ cz |
s s |
ʂ sr |
ɕ sh |
χ -k |
ɦ hh | ||||||
| Approximant | ʋ v |
j i- |
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| Trill | ʀ hr |
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| Flap or tap | ɾ -r,rr |
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| Lateral app. | l l |
ʎ lh |
Vowel
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i y i ü |
ɯ u û u | |||
| Close-mid | e ø e ö |
o o | |||
| Open-mid | ʌ ô | ||||
| Near-open | ɐ â |
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| Open | ä a |
Morpheme/Particle
| like the agent of a transitive verb | like the subject of an intransitive verb | like the object of a transitive verb | dative *supposed | genetive | plural | plural genetive | Word | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *ac/ɐk/ | nac | sac | ac | acüm | acs | acen/äːgen/ | acens/äːgens/ | I |
| *üe/yː/ | nü | sü | ü | üâm | üâs | üen | üens | You |
| *hhan/ɦɐn/ | hhannaé | hhansaé | hhantaé | hhanhhüm | hhans | hhanen/ɦɐnen/ | hhanens/ɦɐnens/ | S/he |
| - |
- hhan takes the normal noun decension.