Togarmite/Old/Gzarot

Gzarot (Hebrew, sg. gizra 'figure, form, pattern') in Togarmite are variations of an inflectional (especially verbal) paradigm that are determined by the choice of consonants in the consonantal root. Thus, a paradigm has not only a regular gizra but various irregular ones, which occur most commonly when

• the consonantal root contains a "guttural" (ʔ ȝ ħ h) or a semivowel (y w);
• the consonantal root contains a n, since nC tends to assimilate into CC
• the consonantal root has 2 letters.

1-y

φaȝāl

yabā́s 'he was dry'

→ Person ↓ Tense	1sg	2sg.m	2sg.f	3sg.m	3sg.f	1pl	2pl.m	2pl.f	3pl.m	3pl.f
past	yabásθī	yabásθa	yabásθe	yabā́s	yabā́saθ	yabásnė	yabásθum	yabásθin	yabā́sū	yabásna
present	ʔėbḗs	θėbḗs	θėbḗsī	yėbḗs	yėbḗsī	nėbḗs	θėbḗsū	θėbísna	yėbḗsū	yėbísna
future	ʔȯbḗs	θȯbḗs	θȯbḗsī	yȯbḗs	yȯbḗsī	nȯbḗs	θȯbḗsū	θȯbísna	yȯbḗsū	yȯbísna
optative	ʔȯbisánna	θȯbisánna	θȯbisínna	yȯbisánna	yȯbisínna	nȯbisánna	θȯbisúnna	θȯbisnánna	yȯbisúnna	yȯbisnánna
jussive	ʔȯ́bis	θȯ́bis	θȯ́bisī	yȯ́bis	yȯ́bisī	nȯ́bis	θȯ́bisū	θȯ́bisna	yȯ́bisū	yȯ́bisna
imperative	-	bḗs!	bḗsī!	-	-	-	bḗsū!	bísna!	-	-
active participle	-
passive participle	yabū́s
verbal noun	yibė́s

1-w

φaȝāl

waθā́r 'he remained'

→ Person ↓ Tense	1sg	2sg.m	2sg.f	3sg.m	3sg.f	1pl	2pl.m	2pl.f	3pl.m	3pl.f
past	waθárθī	waθárθa	waθárθe	waθā́r	waθā́raθ	waθárnė	waθárθum	waθárθin	waθārū	waθárna
present	ʔėθḗr	θėθḗr	θėθḗrī	yėθḗr	yėθḗrī	nėθḗr	θėθḗrū	θėθírna	yėθḗrū	yėθírna
future	ʔȯθḗr	θȯθḗr	θȯθḗrī	yȯθḗr	yȯθḗrī	nȯθḗr	θȯθḗrū	θȯθírna	yȯθḗrū	yȯθírna
optative	ʔȯθiránna	θȯθiránna	θȯθirínna	yȯθiránna	yȯθirínna	nȯθiránna	θȯθirúnna	θȯθirnánna	yȯθirúnna	yȯθirnánna
jussive	ʔȯ́θir	θȯ́θir	θȯ́θirī	yȯ́θir	yȯ́θirī	nȯ́θir	θȯ́θirū	θȯ́θirna	yȯ́θirū	yȯ́θirna
imperative	-	θḗr!	θḗrī!	-	-	-	θḗrū!	θírna!	-	-
active participle	-
passive participle	waθū́r
verbal noun	wiθė́r

nuφȝāl

nūrā́š 'it was inherited'

→ Person ↓ Tense	1sg	2sg.m	2sg.f	3sg.m	3sg.f	1pl	2pl.m	2pl.f	3pl.m	3pl.f
past	nūrášθī	nūrášθa	nūrášθe	nūrā́š	nūrā́šaθ	nūrášnė	nūrášθum	nūrášθin	nūrā́šū	nūrášna
present	ʔuwwėrā́š	θuwwėrā́š	θuwwėrā́šī	yuwwėrā́š	yuwwėrā́šī	nuwwėrā́š	θuwwėrā́šū	θuwwėrášna	yuwwėrā́šū	yuwwėrášna
future	ʔuwwarā́š	θuwwarā́š	θuwwarā́šī	yuwwarā́š	yuwwarā́šī	nuwwarā́š	θuwwarā́šū	θuwwarášna	yuwwarā́šū	yuwwarášna
optative	ʔuwwarašanna	θuwwarašanna	θuwwarašínna	yuwwarašánna	yuwwarašínna	nuwwarašanna	θuwwarašúnna	θuwwarašnánna	yuwwarašúnna	yuwwarašnánna
jussive	ʔúwwaraš	θúwwaraš	θúwwarašī	yúwwaraš	yúwwarašī	núwwaraš	θúwwarašū	θúwwarašna	yúwwarašū	yúwwarašna
imperative	-	huwwarā́š!	huwwarā́šī!	-	-	-	huwwarā́šū!	huwwarášna!	-	-
participle	muwwarā́š
verbal noun	nūrė́š

1-n

This irregularity can affect verbs up to the second consonant.

This creates some binyan ambiguity: nužžā́r may be the passive of nažā́r or the passive of nažžḗr.

Examples: naφāl 'he fell'; nažār 'he guarded'

φaȝāl

nažā́r 'he guarded, he watched, he kept'

→ Person ↓ Tense	1sg	2sg.m	2sg.f	3sg.m	3sg.f	1pl	2pl.m	2pl.f	3pl.m	3pl.f
past	nažárθī	nažárθa	nažárθe	nažā́r	nažā́raθ	nažárnė	nažárθum	nažárθin	nažā́rū	nažárna
present	ʔanėžṓr	θanėžṓr	θanėžṓrī	yanėžṓr	yanėžṓrī	nanėžṓr	θanėžṓrū	θanėžúrna	yanėžṓrū	yanėžúrna
future	ʔažžṓr	θažžṓr	θažžṓrī	yažžṓr	yažžṓrī	nažžṓr	θažžṓrū	θažžúrna	yažžṓrū	yažžúrna
optative	ʔažžuránna	θažžuránna	θažžurī́nna	yažžuránna	yažžurī́nna	nažžuránna	θažžurū́nna	θažžurnánna	yažžurū́nna	yažžurnánna
jussive	ʔážžur	θážžur	θážžurī	yážžur	yážžurī	nážžur	θážžurū	θážžurna	yážžurū	yažžurna
imperative	-	žōr!	žṓrī!	-	-	-	žṓrū!	žúrna!	-	-
active participle	nėžḗr
passive participle	mažžū́r
verbal noun	nižė́r

2-ʔ, 2-h, 2-ȝ and 2-ħ

• √t-ȝ-m 'to choose'

-ā/a- instead of -ō/u- before C3 in prefix conjugation

φaȝāl

taȝā́m 'he chose'

→ Person ↓ Tense	1sg	2sg.m	2sg.f	3sg.m	3sg.f	1pl	2pl.m	2pl.f	3pl.m	3pl.f
past	taȝámθī	taȝámθa	taȝámθe	taȝā́m	taȝā́maθ	taȝámnė	taȝámθum	taȝámθin	taȝā́mū	taȝámna
present	ʔatėȝā́m	θatėȝā́m	θatėȝā́mī	yatėȝā́m	yatėȝā́mī	natėȝā́m	θatėȝā́mū	θatėȝámna	yatėȝā́mū	yatėȝámna
future	ʔatȝā́m	θatȝā́m	θatȝā́mī	yatȝā́m	yatȝā́mī	natȝā́m	θatȝā́mū	θatȝámna	yatȝā́mū	yatȝámna
optative	ʔatȝamánna	θatȝamánna	θatȝamī́nna	yatȝamánna	yatȝamī́nna	natȝamánna	θatȝamū́nna	θatȝamnánna	yatȝamū́nna	yatȝamnánna
jussive	ʔátȝam	θátȝam	θátȝamī	yátȝam	yátȝamī	nátȝam	θátȝamū	θátȝamna	yátȝamū	yatȝámna
imperative	-	taȝā́m!	taȝā́mī!	-	-	-	taȝā́mū!	taȝā́mė!	-	-
active participle	tėȝḗm
passive participle	matȝū́m
verbal noun	tiȝė́m

3-y

These verbs have 3sg.m past -ė from *-aya and -ē without gender/number affixes in the prefix conjugation, from *-iyu. A lot of analogy has taken place in this gizra, as in Hebrew. Dialectal variation poses additional complexity, with forms yabnė́, yabnā́yī, yabnā́yū, yabnáyna being used for yabnḗ, yabnī́, yabnū́, yabnḗna in some dialects.

φaȝāl

banė́ 'he built'

→ Person ↓ Tense	1sg	2sg.m	2sg.f	3sg.m	3sg.f	1pl	2pl.m	2pl.f	3pl.m	3pl.f
past; conditional	banáyθī	banáyθa	banáyθe	banė́	banė́θ	banáynė	banáyθum	banáyθin	banė́w	banáyna
present	ʔabėnḗ	tabėnḗ	tabėnī́	yabėnḗ	yabėnī́	nabėnḗ	tabėnū́	tabėnḗna	yabėnū́	yabėnḗna
future	ʔabnḗ	tabnḗ	tabnī́	yabnḗ	yabnī́	nabnḗ	tabnū́	tabnḗna	yabnū́	yabnḗna
optative	ʔabnénna	tabnénna	tabnī́nna	yabnénna	yabnī́nna	nabnénna	tabnū́nna	tabnēnánna	yabnū́nna	yabnēnánna
jussive	ʔábne	tábne	tábnī	yábne	yábnī	nábne	tábnū	tábnēna	yábnū	yábnēna
imperative	-	bunḗ!	bunī́!	-	-	-	bunū́!	bunḗna!	-	-
active participle	bėnḗ
passive participle	banū́y
verbal noun	binė́θ

nuφȝāl

nubnė́ 'it was built'

→ Person ↓ Tense	1sg	2sg.m	2sg.f	3sg.m	3sg.f	1pl	2pl.m	2pl.f	3pl.m	3pl.f
past; conditional	nubnáyθī	nubnáyθa	nubnáyθe	nubnė́	nubnė́θ	nubnáynė	nubnáyθum	nubnáyθin	nubnė́w	nubnáyna
present	ʔubbėnḗ	tubbėnḗ	tubbėnī́	yubbėnḗ	yubbėnī́	nubbėnḗ	tubbėnū́	tubbėnḗna	yubbėnū́	yubbėnḗna
future	ʔubbanḗ	tubbanḗ	tubbanī́	yubbanḗ	yubbanī́	nubbanḗ	tubbanū́	tubbanḗna	yubbanū́	yubbanḗna
optative	ʔubbanénna	tubbanénna	tubbanínna	yubbanénna	yubbanínna	nubbanénna	tubbanúnna	tubbanēnánna	yubbanúnna	yubbanēnánna
jussive	ʔúbbane	túbbane	túbbanī	yúbbane	yúbbanī	núbbane	túbbanū	túbbanēna	yúbbanū	yúbbanēna
imperative	-	hubbanḗ!	hubbanī́!	-	-	-	hubbanū́!	hubbanḗna!	-	-
participle	mubbanḗ
verbal noun	nubnė́θ

φaȝȝēl

dammė́ 'he likened, he modeled (sth after sth)'

→ Person ↓ Tense	1sg	2sg.m	2sg.f	3sg.m	3sg.f	1pl	2pl.m	2pl.f	3pl.m	3pl.f
past; conditional	dammī́θī	dammī́θa	dammī́θe	dammė́	dammė́θ	dammī́nė	dammī́θum	dammī́θin	dammū́	dammī́na
present	ʔadamėmḗ	θadamėmḗ	θadamėmī́	yadamėmḗ	yadamėmī́	nadamėmḗ	θadamėmū́	θadamėmḗna	yadamėmū́	yadamėmḗna
future	ʔadammḗ	θadammḗ	θadammī́	yadammḗ	yadammī́	nadammḗ	θadammū́	θadammḗna	yadammū́	yadammḗna
optative	ʔadamménna	θadamménna	θadammínna	yadamménna	yadammínna	nadamménna	θadammúnna	θadammēnánna	yadammúnna	yadammēnánna
jussive	ʔadámme	θadámme	θadámmī	yadámme	yadámmī	nadámme	θadámmū	θadámmēna	yadámmū	yadámmēna
imperative	-	dammḗ!	dammī́!	-	-	-	dammū́!	dammḗna!	-	-
participle	mudammḗ
verbal noun	dammū́y

fuȝȝāl

dummė́ 'it was likened, it was modeled (after sth)'

→ Person ↓ Tense	1sg	2sg.m	2sg.f	3sg.m	3sg.f	1pl	2pl.m	2pl.f	3pl.m	3pl.f
past; conditional	dummayθī	dummayθa	dummayθe	dummė́	dummė́θ	dummáynė	dummáyθum	dummáyθin	dummė́w	dummáyna
present	ʔadumėmḗ	θadumėmḗ	θadumėmī́	yadumėmḗ	yadumėmī́	nadumėmḗ	θadumėmū́	θadumėmḗna	yadumėmū́	yadumėmḗna
future	ʔadummḗ	θadummḗ	θadummī́	yadummḗ	yadummī́	nadummḗ	θadummū́	θadummḗna	yadummū́	yadummḗna
optative	ʔadumménna	θadumménna	θadummínna	yadumménna	yadummínna	nadumménna	θadummúnna	θadummēnánna	yadummúnna	yadummēnánna
jussive	ʔadúmme	tadúmme	tadúmmī	yadúmme	yadúmmī	nadúmme	tadúmmū	tadúmmēna	yadúmmū	yadúmmēna
imperative	-
participle	mudummḗ
verbal noun	-

The other binyanim are similarly affected and have different conjugations based on whether the verb is of the form -C2ēC3 or -C2āC3. The part of the verb after C2 is affected by this irregularity.

3-w

These verbs have 3sg.m past -ȯ from *-awa and -ū without gender/number affixes in the prefix conjugation, from *-iwu.

φaȝāl

manȯ́ 'he counted'

→ Person ↓ Tense	1sg	2sg.m	2sg.f	3sg.m	3sg.f	1pl	2pl.m	2pl.f	3pl.m	3pl.f
past; conditional	manáwθī	manáwθa	manáwθe	manȯ́	manȯ́θ	manáwnė	manáwθum	manáwθin	manū́	manáwna
present	ʔamėnṓ	θamėnṓ	θamėnī́	yamėnṓ	yamėnī́	namėnṓ	θamėnū́	θamėnṓna	yamėnū́	yamėnṓna
future	ʔamnṓ	θamnṓ	θamnī́	yamnṓ	yamnī́	namnṓ	θamnū́	θamnṓna	yamnū́	yamnṓna
optative	ʔamnónna	θamnónna	θamnínna	yamnónna	yamnínna	namnónna	θamnúnna	θamnōnánna	yamnúnna	yamnōnánna
jussive	ʔámnu	θámnu	θámnī	yámnu	yámnī	námnu	θámnū	θámnōna	yámnū	yámnōna
imperative	-	munṓ!	munī!	-	-	-	munū́!	munṓna!	-	-
active participle	mėnṓ
passive participle	manū
verbal noun	minėθ

Other binyanim are affected similarly. The part after the C2 is affected.