Clofabosin/Middle
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Old Clofabosin is the oldest attested form of Clofabosin. The dialect that borrowed loans en masse from Dodellian became Middle Clofabosin.
Clofabian Vowel Shift (CVS): e o a > ə A æ > eo a e > o a e
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Velar | Labiovelar | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | [ŋ] | |||
Plosive | voiceless | p /p/ | t /t/ | c, k /k/ | qu /kʷ/ | |
voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | g /g/ | |||
Fricative | voiceless | ph, f /f/ | th /θ/ | s /s/ ŝ /sʰ/ |
ch /x/ | |
voiced | z /z/ | |||||
Trill | r /r/ | |||||
Approximant | l /l/ | v /w/ |
Old Clofabosin had geminates, unlike modern Clofabosin: for example, 'to learn' was nibbuvir (modern nịbuvir).
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i /i/, y /y/ | u /u/ | |
Mid | e /e/ | o /o/ | |
Open | a /a/ |
By the time of Middle Clofabosin, /y/ had merged with /i/.
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
- -in = topic marker
- -ol = genitive; -o = combining form
- -ase = with
- -one = towards
Verbs
- -ir = present: tpoir = 'eats'
- -zole = stative: tpozole = 'has eaten'
- -capt, -cept = dynamic: tpocapt = 'comes to eat'
- -il = attributive
- tpoil = who eats
- -ium = neutral conjunctive for verbs: tpoium = ...eats, whereas...
- -ub = narrative past and subjunctive
- tpoub or tpoiumub = ate, and then...
- -ium-ub is the source of Modern Clofabosin -(u)mab.
- fo = realis negation, tu = irrealis
- -d- progressive