Calusto

Calusto
Kaloust
𐌊𐌀𐌋𐌏𐌖𐌔𐌕
Pronunciation	[ka'lu:sto]
Created by	Fox Saint-Just
Date	2017
Writing systems	Old Italic Latin
Language codes
CLCR	---

Calusto is an a posteriori language created by user Fox Saint-Just in 2017. It is based on Indo-European languages.

Introduction

Calusto was created for a literary project, as an Indo-European language that was lost during the Roman expansion and later artificially reconstructed. Thus, despite having an alphabet derived from Old Italic script and a grammar influenced by Latin, Calusto's vocabulary includes a large amount of words common to the languages of the Silk Road, including Chinese.

Its name derives from the word 𐌊𐌀𐌋𐌏𐌖 for "mist", making the meaning of Calusto close to "misty".

Phonology

Vowels

Calusto has long and short vowels.

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i iː y yː1		u uː
Close-mid	e e: ø		o o:
Open-mid	ɛ ɛː	ə2	ɔ ɔː
Open	a aː

¹/y:/ is very rare.
²/ə/ is not related to a specific letter or combination of letters.

Consonants

→ PoA ↓ Manner		Labial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasals		𐌌 m		𐌍 n		𐌍𐌝 ɲ1
Plosives	Voiceless	𐌐 p		𐌕 t			𐌊 k 𐌒 kʷ
	Voiced	𐌁 b		𐌃 d			𐌂 ɡ
Affricates				𐌕𐌆 ts 𐌆 dz	𐌙 t̠ʃ 𐌃𐌚 d̠ʒ1
Fricatives	Voiceless	𐌘 ɸ		𐌔 s	𐌑 ʃ 𐌚 ʒ		𐌗 x	𐌇 h
	Voiced		𐌅 v 𐌈 θ	𐌔 z			𐌂𐌇 ɣ1
Liquids				𐌓 r 𐌋 l		𐌋𐌝 ʎ1
Approximants						𐌝 j

¹ Used only in loanwords.

Stress

Generally, words ending in consonant are stressed on the third to last syllable, while words ending in vowels are stressed on the penultimate one.

Morphology

Calusto has three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and five cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative).

Declensions

Nouns and adjective follow a system of five declensions. Few names follow an irregular declension.

The -os declension includes names and adjectives that are mostly masculine. The paradigm is given for the word 𐌔𐌖𐌍𐌏𐌔 ("son").

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	𐌔𐌖𐌍𐌏𐌔 synos	𐌔𐌖𐌍𐌉 syni
Accusative	𐌔𐌖𐌍𐌏𐌍 synon	𐌔𐌖𐌍𐌏𐌖𐌔 synous
Genitive	𐌔𐌖𐌍𐌉 syni	𐌔𐌖𐌍𐌏𐌌 synom
Dative	𐌔𐌖𐌍𐌏 syno	𐌔𐌖𐌍𐌉𐌔 synis
Ablative	𐌔𐌖𐌍𐌏𐌃 synod	𐌔𐌖𐌍𐌏𐌉𐌔 synois

The -a declension includes names and adjectives that are mostly feminine. The paradigm is given for the word 𐌙𐌄𐌓𐌀 ("face").

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	𐌙𐌄𐌓𐌀 čera	𐌙𐌄𐌓𐌀𐌄 čerae
Accusative	𐌙𐌄𐌓𐌀𐌍 čeran	𐌙𐌄𐌓𐌀𐌔 čeras
Genitive	𐌙𐌄𐌓𐌀𐌔 čeras	𐌙𐌄𐌓𐌀𐌌 čeram
Dative	𐌙𐌄𐌓𐌄 čere	𐌙𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌔 čeris
Ablative	𐌙𐌄𐌓𐌀𐌃 čerad	𐌙𐌄𐌓𐌀𐌉𐌔 čerais

The -on declension contains exclusively neutral names and is similar to the neuter Indo-European o-stem declension or the Latin -um one. Nouns ending -ōn do not belong to this declension. The paradigm is given for the word 𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌𐌏𐌍 ("winter").

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌𐌏𐌍 heimon	𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌𐌀 heima
Accusative	𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌𐌏𐌍 heimon	𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌𐌀 heima
Genitive	𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌𐌉 heimi	𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌𐌏𐌌 heimom
Dative	𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌𐌏 heimo	𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌𐌏𐌍 heimis'
Ablative	𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌𐌏𐌃 heimod	𐌇𐌄𐌉𐌌𐌏𐌉𐌔 heimois