Fruwi

From Linguifex
Revision as of 21:14, 2 December 2023 by Webcloud (talk | contribs) (→‎Phonology: saved unless computer crashes, doing phonology and allophony)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Fruwi
oñ Fruwi
Pronunciation[õɴ.ɸr̊ᵝůᵝ.wʷiʷ]
Created byWebcloud
Date2022
Fruwi-Poresa
  • Fruwi
Early forms
Early Proto-Fruwi
  • Late Proto-Fruwi
Standard form
Standard Fruwi
Dialects
  • Sontrai Ban
  • Sontrai Tun
  • Haishi Ban
  • Haishi Tun
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.


Introduction

Fruwi is a engineered non-naturalistic a-priori constructed language, that tries to be logical at times. The language has two main dialects, Haishi and Sontrai. The Haishi dialects may seem easier to humans or much easier to english speakers, because of the base-10 number system, lack of conjugation, and more english-like phonology, though this is a coincidence.

Fruwi is a agglutinative analytic language, because while verbs may be aggluutinative, and while nouns have one suffix for plurals, the syntax generally has many unbound morphemes. Though the Haishi dialects are more isolating, they are still agglutinative and analytic. Its allignment is active-stative. Its word order is either SVO or SOV. While SVO is used informally, SOV is used formally. The head direction is mixed. While the heading of both adpositional and verb phrases is [to do].

Creation

I created a language called ol fruwi (sic); which now with a few adjustments has become Proto-Fruwi, in mid 2022. An early version of Fruwi, Standard, then known as oñ Fruwi was published to Conlang Fandom Early 2023.

Type

It is a sort of engineered conlang without worldbuilding. The language is not supposed to be naturalistic, and will veer from most major languages many times. It is an a-priori language, meaning it does not specifically take any vocabulary from any real life languages, though this is partly false, because it has a second lexicon that has only words borrowed from real languages.

Evolution

Tree of the Evolution of Fruwi, starting from Early Proto-Fruwi

Early-Proto Fruwi also is made up of 7-Pre fruwi languages, not shown in the image. The arrows indicate that the languages were not evolved from the language on the other side of the arrow, but have been affected in some way, like borrowing a large amount of vocabulary, or affecting sound changes, or even affecting the name.

Etymology

The name of the language Fruwi, comes from Late Proto-Fruwi's own name "(ou) fruwis", which was also derived from Early Proto-Fruwi /poresa/. The word poresa presumably came from the 7 Pre-Fruwi Languages. the languages derived from it have derived names such as Rfuij, but Rfwi also was borowed from the name of Fruwi. Other languages, like Russo, got a new name, but languages like Funris-ox was also derived from Late Proto-Fruwi's name.

Lexicon

The language has two lexicons, a priori and a posteriori. The original, and larger lexicon is called: Lexicon a priori, and the words mostly come from Late Proto-Fruwi. Though there is a Lexicon a posteriori, for words that come from humans, which will be adopted and evolved into every related language except Funris-ox. The Lexicon a priori is split into two lexicons: Late Lexicon; for words that could have only emerged in Late Proto-Fruwi, and the Early Lexicon; For words that could have emerged in Early Proto-Fruwi. This is because many words in Fruwi & Russo & Funris do not have a syllable structure that could have evolved from Early Proto-Fruwi, but they could have emerged Late Proto-Fruwi. This is not to say the Early Lexicon words all emerged in Early Proto-Fruwi, as they could have emerged earlier or later, and the words in Late Proto-Fruwi could have also emerged later, but obviously not later.

Phonology

Consonants

Standard Fruwi

Phonemes or diaphonemes; biggest phonology of all dialects
Manner ->
Place v
Labial Coronal Medial Palatal Dorsal Radical
Nasal m n (ɲ) ŋ
Lenis Stop p t (c) k ʡ
Fortis Stop (cʰ) ʡ
Lenis Fricative ɸ s χ ħ
Fortis Fricative β z ʁ ħ
Lenis Affricate t̆s t̆ʃ
Fortis Affricate d̆z d̆ʒ
Trill r
Approximant ʷ (ɹ̠ʲ) j w
Lateral Approximant l (ʎ) (ʟ)
Transcribers
Manner ->
Place v
Labial Coronal Medial Palatal Dorsal Radical
Special Lenis Stop b d (ɟ) g
Special Fortis Stop (ɟʰ)

Basic dialectical variation

  • Sontrai Ban; Differences from Standard:
    • s > θ, z > ð
    • t̆ʃ > ʂ, d̆ʒ > ʐ
    • χ > x, ʁ > ɣ
  • Sontrai Tun; Differences from Standard:
    • s > θ, z > ð
    • t̆s > s, d̆z > z
    • ʡ > k
    • χ > x, ʁ > ɣ
    • ħ > x, ɣ (depends)
  • Haishi Ban; Differences from Standard:
    • p, t, k > b, d, g
    • TRANSCRIBERS: b, d, g > p, t, k
    • ɸ > f , β > v
    • t̆ʃ > ʃ , d̆ʒ > ʒ
    • χ, ʁ, ʡ, ħ > x
  • Haishi Tun; Differences from Standard:
    • p, t, k > b̥, d̥, g̊
    • ɸ > f , β > v
    • t̆ʃ > ʃ , d̆ʒ > ʒ
    • t̆s > t̆ʃ, d̆z > d̆ʒ
    • χ, ʁ, ʡ, ħ > ɣ

Vowels

Standard Fruwi Phonemes and Diaphonemes
Placement Front Center Back
High i u
Mid e ə o
Low a
  • ae, ao, ai, au, ʌi, ʌu, ei, eu, oi, ou are the only possible diphthongs
Fruwi Vowel Phonemes and Diaphonemes
Diaphonemes a ə e o i u ae ao ai au əi əu ei eu oi ou
Standard a~ä ə i u ɑe æo ɑi æu ɘi ɵu ɛi ɛu ɔi ɔu
Sontrai Ban ä œ e i u äe äo äi äu œi œu ɘi ɘu ɔi ɔu
Sontrai Tun a~ä ɨ i u äe ao äi au ɪi ʊu ɛi ɛu ɔi ɔu
Haishi Ban a~ä ɑ i u ɑɛ äɔ æi äu ɑi ɑu ɛi ɛu ɔi ɔu
Haishi Tun æ ʌ o i ʉ ɑe ao äi au ʌi ʌu ei eu ɵi ɵu

Stress and intonation

All syllables are pronounced as the same length; there is no Lexical stress. This is similar to French and Georgian. Though, when prosodic stress is involved, the first syllable of the prosodical word becomes extra stressed.

  • The word for what, <>, has a rising intonation /↗︎/,
  • Though, if it is the subject of a sentence, everything on from the verb has a falling intonation /↘︎/
  • The words for yes and no, <>, both have a falling intonation /↘︎/
  • Though, the final "or not", <>, found in yes-no questions, also has a rising intonation /↗︎/

Phonotactics

syllable structure is: (C)(C)V(V)(C)(C) a more specific version is: (CA)V(V)(RC) & GV(V)

A = //w, r, l, j// approximant R = //r, l// G = /ʡ, ħ/ radical C = non-radical, non-approximant Consonants V = Vowels //ɸjailm// is CAVVRC, //ħai// is GVV

if the pronounciation is ambigious : then the coda steals the consonant if it is not guttral nor approximant

  • /tamlat/:- /tam.lat/ -or /ta.mlat/:- /mam.lat/ is correct
  • /talmat/:- /tal.mat/ -or /talm.at/:- /mal.mat/ is correct
  • /talmlat/: /tal.mlat/ or /talm.lat/: /talm.lat/ is correct


ambigious pronounciation is not ambisyllabic. ambisyllabicity is possibly only when you have one consonant only between vowels
Syllables starting with glottal consonants may not have codas; ambisyllabic codas (C) are allowed

  • banned*: /ħal/ /ħalm/ /ħal.mat/ /ħam/ /ħalm.lat/
  • impossible anyways*: /ħaml/ /ħalml/
  • ambisyllabic: /ħalat/ /ħamat/
  • separate syllable: /ħa.mlat/

Allophony

Allophony in Fruwi
Standard Dialect: Sontrai Ban: Sontrai Tun: Haishi Ban: Haishi Tun:
  • /ŋ, k, kʰ/ → [ɲ, c, cʰ] near /j, i, e/
    • /kʰi/ → [cʰi], /ki/ → [ci], /ŋi/ → [ɲĩ]
    • /ikʰ/ → [icʰ], /ik/ → [ic], /iŋ/ → [ĩɲ]
    • /kʰja/ → [cʰja], /kja/ → [cja], /ŋja/ → [ɲj̃ã]
  • /w/ → [ẅ] near /i, e/
  • /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /t̆ʃ, d̆ʒ/
  • /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
  • /l/→[ʟ] near /w, u, o/
  • /ŋ, k, kʰ/ → [ɲ, c, cʰ] near /j, i, e/
    • /kʰi/ → [cʰi], /gi/ → [ɟi], /ŋi/ → [ɲĩ]
    • /ikʰ/ → [icʰ], /ig/ → [iɟ], /iŋ/ → [ĩɲ]
    • /kʰj(V)/ → [cʰj(V)], /gj(V)/ → [ɟj(V)], /ŋj/ → [ɲj̃(Ṽ)]
  • /w/ → [ẅ] near /i, e/
  • /r/→[ɻ] next to /ʂ, ʐ/
  • /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
  • /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/
  • /ŋ, k, kʰ/ → [ɲ, c, cʰ] near /j, i, e/
    • /kʰi/ → [cʰi], /gi/ → [ɟi], /ŋi/ → [ɲĩ]
    • /ikʰ/ → [icʰ], /ig/ → [iɟ], /iŋ/ → [ĩɲ]
    • /kʰj(V)/ → [cʰj(V)], /gj(V)/ → [ɟj(V)], /ŋj/ → [ɲj̃(Ṽ)]
  • /w/ → [ẅ] near /i, e/
  • /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /t̆ʃ, d̆ʒ/
  • /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
  • /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/
  • /ŋ, k, kʰ/ → [ɲ, c, cʰ] near /j, i, e/
    • /kʰi/ → [cʰi], /gi/ → [ɟi], /ŋi/ → [ɲĩ]
    • /ikʰ/ → [icʰ], /ig/ → [iɟ], /iŋ/ → [ĩɲ]
    • /kʰj(V)/ → [cʰj(V)], /gj(V)/ → [ɟj(V)], /ŋj/ → [ɲj̃(Ṽ)]
  • /w/ → [ẅ] near /i, e/
  • /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /ʃ, ʒ/
  • /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
  • /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/
  • /ŋ, k, kʰ/ → [ɲ, c, cʰ] near /j, i, e/
    • /kʰi/ → [cʰi], /gi/ → [ɟi], /ŋi/ → [ɲĩ]
    • /ikʰ/ → [icʰ], /ig/ → [iɟ], /iŋ/ → [ĩɲ]
    • /kʰj(V)/ → [cʰj(V)], /gj(V)/ → [ɟj(V)], /ŋj/ → [ɲj̃(Ṽ)]
  • /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /ʃ, ʒ, t̆ʃ, d̆ʒ/
  • /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
  • /l/→[o̝] near /w, u, o/
  • /V/→[Ṽ] near /m, n, ŋ/
    • /oŋ/→[õŋ], /orŋ/→[õrŋ], /ŋjo/→[ŋjõ]
    • but: /oŋtu/→[õŋtu]
  • /ŋ/→[ɴ] CODA, except near /j, i, e/
    • /oŋ/→[õɴ]
  • /C, V/→[Cᵝ, Vᵝ] near /m, p, pʰ, ɸ, β/
    • /ɸru/→[ɸrᵝuᵝ], but: /ɸruwi/→[ɸrᵝuᵝwi]
  • /Vhigh, Approximant/→[Vhighʷ, Aʷ] near /w/, and not already already bilabialized or labiodentalized
    • /wi/→[wiʷ], but: /wa/→[wa], /we/→[we], also but: /ɸwi/→[ɸwᵝiᵝ]
  • Syllable: /Approximant, Trill, Radical, Vowel/→ same voicing as closest consonant
    • /sr/→[sr̊], /zr/→[zr̬], /ɸru/→[ɸr̊ᵝůᵝ]

Notes:

  • /V/→[Vᵝ] near /m, p, pʰ, ɸ, β/
    • /ɸu/→[ɸuᵝ], /bu/→[buᵝ]
  • /V/→[Cᵛ, Vᵛ] near /f, v/
    • /fu/→[fɹᵛuᵛ]
  • /Vhigh, Approximant/→[Vhighʷ, Aʷ] near /w/, and not already bilabialized or labiodentalized
    • /wi/→[wiʷ], but: /wa/→[wa], /we/→[we], also but: /ɸwi/→[ɸwᵝiᵝ], /fwi/→[fwᵛiᵛ],
  • /C, V/→[Cᵝ, Vᵝ] near /m, p, pʰ, ɸ, β/
    • /ɸru/→[ɸrᵝuᵝ], but: /ɸruwi/→[ɸrᵝuᵝwi]
  • /Vhigh, Approximant/→[Vhighʷ, Aʷ] near /w/, and not already already bilabialized or labiodentalized
    • /wi/→[wiʷ], but: /wa/→[wa], /we/→[we], also but: /ɸwi/→[ɸwᵝiᵝ]
  • Syllable: /Approximant, Trill, Radical, Vowel/→ same voicing as closest consonant
    • /sr/→[sr̊], /zr/→[zr̬], /ɸru/→[ɸr̊ᵝůᵝ]
  • /C, V/→[Cᵝ, Vᵝ] near /m, b, pʰ/
    • /bɹu/→[bɹᵝuᵝ], but: /bɹuwi/→[bɹᵝuᵝwi]
  • /C, V/→[Cᵛ, Vᵛ] near /f, v/
    • /fɹu/→[fɹᵛuᵛ], but: /fɹuwi/→[fɹᵛuᵛwi]
  • /Vhigh, Approximant/→[Vhighʷ, Aʷ] near /w/, and not already bilabialized or labiodentalized
    • /wi/→[wiʷ], but: /wa/→[wa], /we/→[we], also but: /fwi/→[fwᵛiᵛ]
  • Syllable: /Approximant, Trill, Radical, Vowel/→ same voicing as closest consonant
    • /sɹ/→[sɹ̊], /zɹ/→[zɹ̬], /fɹu/→[fɹ̊ᵛůᵛ]
Be careful, rounding is not bilabializing or labiodentalizing!

Morphophonology

Morphophonotactics

Final syllable's onset may only be glottal in uncountable nouns (only I class nouns can be uncountable), this is because uncountable nouns cannot have final codas

Orthography

Fruwi may be written in any any writing system, though it needs to have enough letters for the phonology. The writing system needs not be Bicameral, but it is good to have for determiners and pronouns that are differentiated by case in writing.

Romanization

Consonant Orthography based on Standard Fruwi
Manner ->
Place v
Labial Coronal Medial Palatal Dorsal
Nasal m n ñ
Lenis Stop b d g
Fortis Stop p t k
Lenis Fricative f s x
Fortis Fricative v z q
Lenis Affricate c ch
Fortis Affricate j jh
Trill r
Approximant y w
Lateral Approximant l
Consonant Orthography based on Standard Fruwi Transcribers
Manner ->
Place v
Labial Coronal Medial Palatal Dorsal
Special Lenis Stop ʮb ʮd ʮg
Special Fortis Stop ʮp ʮt ʮk
Vowel Orthography based on Standard Fruwi
Closed v. Open v. radical s. v. radical f. v.
<Ii> //i// <Īī> //.i// <Íí> //.ʡi// <Ìì> //.ħi//
<Uu> //u// <Ūū> //.u// <Úú> //.ʡu// <Ùù> //.ħu//
<Ee> //e// <Ēē> //.e// <Éé> //.ʡe// <Èè> //.ħe//
<Oo> //o// <Ōō> //.o// <Óó> //.ʡo// <Òò> //.ħo//
<Aa> //a// <Āā> //.a// <Áá> //.ʡa// <Àà> //.ħa//
<Ʌʌ> //ə// <Ʌ̄ʌ̄> //.ə// <Ʌ́ʌ́> //.ʡə// <Ʌ̀ʌ̀> //.ħə//

Vowels at the start of a word need not have macrons, they are always open unless they have radical in front.
Vowels with macrons only written after other vowels:

  • <alenta> /a.len.ta/ and <alēnta> /al.en.ta/ are the same, but correct spelling is alenta, while the correct pronunciation is /al.en.ta/ (ambigious/ambisyllabic)
  • <almenta> /al.men.ta/ and <almēnta> /alm.en.ta/ are the same, but correct spelling is almenta, and the correct pronounciation is /al.men.ta/ (ambigious)

Punctuation

Complete Punctuation
Use Indicative Sentences Interrogative Sentences Imperative Sentences
Name in Fruwi Sentence Symbol Interrogative Symbol Imperative Symbol
Name in English Period Question Mark Explanation Mark
Punctuation . ? !
  • ! is not used in the same way as in English, but is used in all Imperative sentences
Phrasal Punctuation
Use Quotations Embedded Quotations Serial Lists Coordinating Conjunctions Interjections Appositives Asides
Name in Fruwi Quotation Symbol Embedded Quotation Symbol List Symbol Sentence Combining Symbol Interjection Barrier Apposition Barrier Aside Barrier
Name in English Quotation Mark Single Quotation Mark Comma Comma Semicolon Virgules Semicolons
Punctuation «TEXT» «‹TEXT›TEXT» , , ; /TEXT/ ;TEXT;
  • Appositives are used in this way:
    • X is Y. X does Z. => X, Y, does Z; My sister is Alice Smith. My sister likes jelly beans => My sister, Alice Smith, likes jelly beans.
  • Interjections go at end of sentence always
  • I do not know know how Asides, Appositives, and Interjections will work except for this
Numeral Punctuation
Use Grouping Decimal Point
Name in Fruwi
Name in English Comma Semicolons
Punctuation 1,234,56789 01234;5;67890
  • Numbers are written very diffirently: 11,265,353.15464253 => 11,26535;3;15464,253

Morphology

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Phrasal Stress

Example texts

Other resources